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Natural language processing (NLP) is an interdisciplinary subfield of computer science and artificial intelligence.It is primarily concerned with providing computers with the ability to process data encoded in natural language and is thus closely related to information retrieval, knowledge representation and computational linguistics, a subfield of linguistics.
e. Word2vec is a technique in natural language processing (NLP) for obtaining vector representations of words. These vectors capture information about the meaning of the word based on the surrounding words. The word2vec algorithm estimates these representations by modeling text in a large corpus. Once trained, such a model can detect synonymous ...
BERT (language model) Bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) is a language model introduced in October 2018 by researchers at Google. [1][2] It learned by self-supervised learning to represent text as a sequence of vectors. It had the transformer encoder architecture. It was notable for its dramatic improvement over ...
For many years, sequence modelling and generation was done by using plain recurrent neural networks (RNNs). A well-cited early example was the Elman network (1990). In theory, the information from one token can propagate arbitrarily far down the sequence, but in practice the vanishing-gradient problem leaves the model's state at the end of a long sentence without precise, extractable ...
A "slow" neural network outputs the "fast" weights of another neural network through outer products. The slow network learns by gradient descent. It was later renamed as "linearized self-attention". [34] Bahdanau-style attention, [33] also referred to as additive attention, Luong-style attention, [35] which is known as multiplicative attention,
e. Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) is a pseudoscientific approach to communication, personal development and psychotherapy, that first appeared in Richard Bandler and John Grinder 's 1975 book The Structure of Magic I. NLP asserts that there is a connection between neurological processes, language and acquired behavioral patterns, and that ...
e. In natural language processing (NLP), a word embedding is a representation of a word. The embedding is used in text analysis. Typically, the representation is a real-valued vector that encodes the meaning of the word in such a way that the words that are closer in the vector space are expected to be similar in meaning. [1]
spaCy (/ s p eɪ ˈ s iː / spay-SEE) is an open-source software library for advanced natural language processing, written in the programming languages Python and Cython. [3] [4] The library is published under the MIT license and its main developers are Matthew Honnibal and Ines Montani, the founders of the software company Explosion.