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  2. Tax withholding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_withholding

    e. Tax withholding, also known as tax retention, pay-as-you-earn tax or tax deduction at source, is income tax paid to the government by the payer of the income rather than by the recipient of the income. The tax is thus withheld or deducted from the income due to the recipient. In most jurisdictions, tax withholding applies to employment ...

  3. Tax deduction at source - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_deduction_at_source

    Tax deduction at source (TDS) is an Indian withholding tax that is a means of collecting tax on income, dividends, or asset sales by requiring the payer (or legal intermediary) to deduct tax due before paying the balance to the payee (and the tax to the revenue authority). Under the Indian Income Tax Act of 1961, income tax must be deducted at ...

  4. Double taxation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_taxation

    Double taxation. Double taxation is the levying of tax by two or more jurisdictions on the same income (in the case of income taxes ), asset (in the case of capital taxes ), or financial transaction (in the case of sales taxes ). Double liability may be mitigated in a number of ways, for example, a jurisdiction may: fully tax the foreign-source ...

  5. Tax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax

    A tax is a compulsory financial charge or some other type of levy imposed on a taxpayer (an individual or legal entity) by a governmental organization in order to collectively fund government spending, public expenditures, or as a way to regulate and reduce negative externalities. [1] Tax compliance refers to policy actions and individual ...

  6. Theories of taxation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_taxation

    A narrower view of the theory of taxation reduces the system to two issues: who can pay and who can benefit ( Benefit principle ). Influential theories have been the ability theory presented by Arthur Cecil Pigou [3] and the benefit theory developed by Erik Lindahl. [4] [5] There is a later version of the benefit theory known as the "voluntary ...

  7. Taxation in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_States

    The federal income tax enacted in 1913 included corporate and individual income taxes. It defined income using language from prior laws, incorporated in the Sixteenth Amendment, as "all income from whatever source derived". The tax allowed deductions for business expenses, but few non-business deductions.

  8. Tax expenditure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_expenditure

    Tax expenditures are government revenue losses from tax exclusions, exemptions, deductions, credits, deferrals, and preferential tax rates. They are a counterpart to direct expenditures, in that they both are forms of government spending . Tax expenditures function as subsidies [1] for certain activities the affect both axis of equity of the ...

  9. Tax policy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_policy

    Tax policy refers to the guidelines and principles established by a government for the imposition and collection of taxes. It encompasses both microeconomic and macroeconomic aspects, with the former focusing on issues of fairness and efficiency in tax collection, and the latter focusing on the overall quantity of taxes to be collected and its ...

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