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Critical criminology applies critical theory to criminology. Critical criminology examines the genesis of crime and the nature of justice in relation to factors such as class and status, Law and the penal system are viewed as founded on social inequality and meant to perpetuate such inequality. [1] [2] Critical criminology also looks for ...
Legalism. Fajia ( Chinese: 法家; pinyin: fǎjiā ), or the fa school, often translated as Legalism, [1] is a Han dynasty category of Masters Texts from classical Chinese philosophy. It represents several branches of thought mainly from the Warring States period, whose ideas contributed to the formation of the bureaucratic Chinese empire and ...
Criminal law is a system of laws that is connected with crimes and punishments of an individual who commits crimes. In comparison, civil law is where the case argues their issues with one entity to another entity with support of the law. Crimes can vary in definition by jurisdiction but the basis for a crime are fairly consistent regardless.
White-collar crime. The term " white-collar crime " refers to financially motivated, nonviolent or non-directly violent crime committed by individuals, businesses and government professionals. [1] The crimes are believed to be committed by middle-class individuals for financial gains. [2]
Retributive justice is a legal concept whereby the criminal offender receives punishment proportional or similar to the crime.. As opposed to revenge, retribution—and thus retributive justice—is not personal, is directed only at wrongdoing, has inherent limits, involves no pleasure at the suffering of others (i.e., schadenfreude, sadism), and employs procedural standards.
Legal formalism. v. t. e. Legal formalism is both a descriptive theory and a normative theory of how judges should decide cases. [1] In its descriptive sense, formalists maintain that judges reach their decisions by applying uncontroversial principles to the facts; formalists believe that there is an underlying logic to the many legal ...
Integrative criminology reacts against single theory or methodology approaches, and adopts an interdisciplinary paradigm for the study of criminology and penology. Integration is not new. It informed the groundbreaking work of Merton (1938), Sutherland (1947), and Cohen (1955), but it has become a more positive school over the last twenty years ...
Selective enforcement. In law, selective enforcement occurs when government officials (such as police officers, prosecutors, or regulators) exercise discretion, which is the power to choose whether or how to punish a person who has violated the law. The biased use of enforcement discretion, such as that based on racial prejudice or corruption ...