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In microeconomic theory, the opportunity cost of a choice is the value of the best alternative forgone where, given limited resources, a choice needs to be made between several mutually exclusive alternatives. Assuming the best choice is made, it is the "cost" incurred by not enjoying the benefit that would have been had by taking the second ...
Shown is a marketplace in Delhi. Microeconomics is a branch of economics that studies the behavior of individuals and firms in making decisions regarding the allocation of scarce resources and the interactions among these individuals and firms. [1] [2] [3] Microeconomics focuses on the study of individual markets, sectors, or industries as ...
In welfare economics, the theory of the second best (also known as the general theory of second best or the second best theorem) [1] concerns the situation when one or more optimality conditions cannot be satisfied. The economists Richard Lipsey and Kelvin Lancaster showed in 1956, that if one optimality condition in an economic model cannot be ...
The slope of the production–possibility frontier (PPF) at any given point is called the marginal rate of transformation ( MRT ). The slope defines the rate at which production of one good can be redirected (by reallocation of productive resources) into production of the other. It is also called the (marginal) "opportunity cost" of a commodity ...
Comparative advantage in an economic model is the advantage over others in producing a particular good. A good can be produced at a lower relative opportunity cost or autarky price, i.e. at a lower relative marginal cost prior to trade. [1] Comparative advantage describes the economic reality of the work gains from trade for individuals, firms ...
Choice-supportive bias or post-purchase rationalization is the tendency to retroactively ascribe positive attributes to an option one has selected and/or to demote the forgone options. [1] It is part of cognitive science, and is a distinct cognitive bias that occurs once a decision is made. For example, if a person chooses option A instead of ...
Economics is the social science that studies how people interact with scarce resources, such as money, goods, services, and natural resources. Economics covers a wide range of topics, such as production, consumption, distribution, trade, development, and policy. Economics can help us understand and address many real-world issues, such as poverty, inequality, unemployment, inflation, growth ...
Best alternative to a negotiated agreement. In negotiation theory, the best alternative to a negotiated agreement or BATNA (no deal option) refers to the most advantageous alternative course of action a party can take if negotiations fail and an agreement cannot be reached. The BATNA could include diverse situations, such as suspension of ...