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  2. Lens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens

    A burning apparatus consisting of two biconvex lens. A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction.A simple lens consists of a single piece of transparent material, while a compound lens consists of several simple lenses (elements), usually arranged along a common axis.

  3. Simple Dietz method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Dietz_Method

    The simple Dietz method [1] is a means of measuring historical investment portfolio performance, compensating for external flows into/out of the portfolio during the period. [2] The formula for the simple Dietz return is as follows: = + / where is the portfolio rate of return,

  4. Shoelace formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoelace_formula

    Shoelace scheme for determining the area of a polygon with point coordinates (,),..., (,). The shoelace formula, also known as Gauss's area formula and the surveyor's formula, [1] is a mathematical algorithm to determine the area of a simple polygon whose vertices are described by their Cartesian coordinates in the plane. [2]

  5. How to calculate interest on a loan: Tools to make it easy

    www.aol.com/finance/calculate-interest-loan...

    For example, if you take out a five-year loan for $20,000 and the interest rate on the loan is 5 percent, the simple interest formula would be $20,000 x .05 x 5 = $5,000 in interest.

  6. Savings interest rates today: Rise above anticipated rate ...

    www.aol.com/finance/savings-interest-rates-today...

    Simple interest vs. compound interest. Simple interest refers to the interest you earn on your principal balance only. Let's say you invest $10,000 into an account that pays 3% in simple interest ...

  7. Pick's theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pick's_theorem

    Another simple method for calculating the area of a polygon is the shoelace formula. It gives the area of any simple polygon as a sum of terms computed from the coordinates of consecutive pairs of its vertices. Unlike Pick's theorem, the shoelace formula does not require the vertices to have integer coordinates. [28]

  8. SABR volatility model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SABR_volatility_model

    Namely, we force the SABR model price of the option into the form of the Black model valuation formula. Then the implied volatility, which is the value of the lognormal volatility parameter in Black's model that forces it to match the SABR price, is approximately given by:

  9. Big data - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_data

    The term big data has been in use since the 1990s, with some giving credit to John Mashey for popularizing the term. [23] [24] Big data usually includes data sets with sizes beyond the ability of commonly used software tools to capture, curate, manage, and process data within a tolerable elapsed time.