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Empowerment is the degree of autonomy and self-determination in people and in communities. This enables them to represent their interests in a responsible and self-determined way, acting on their own authority. It is the process of becoming stronger and more confident, especially in controlling one's life and claiming one's rights.
Empowerment evaluation (EE) is an evaluation approach designed to help communities monitor and evaluate their own performance. It is used in comprehensive community initiatives as well as small-scale settings and is designed to help groups accomplish their goals. According to David Fetterman, "Empowerment evaluation is the use of evaluation ...
Barry J. Zimmerman is an educational researcher at the City University of New York, where he holds the title Distinguished Professor of Educational Psychology. He has written scholarly publications on learning and motivation, many describing his research and theories on self-regulated learning. In 2011, Zimmerman was awarded the E.L. Thorndike ...
The Society for Community Research and Action (SCRA) is an international organization devoted to advancing theory, research, and social action. Its members are committed to promoting health and empowerment and to preventing problems in communities, groups, and individuals.
Doing gender. In psychology, sociology and gender studies, " doing gender " is the idea that gender, rather than being an innate quality of individuals, is a social construct that actively surfaces in everyday human interaction. This term was used by Candace West and Don Zimmerman in their article " Doing Gender ", published in 1987 in Gender ...
Julian Rappaport is an American psychologist who introduced the concept of empowerment into social work and social psychiatry.He is a recipient of the American Psychological Association's Division of Community Psychology Distinguished Career Award and of the Seymour B. Sarason Award for "novel and critical rethinking of basic assumptions and approaches to human services, education, and other ...
Gender is used as a means of describing the distinction between the biological sex and socialized aspects of femininity and masculinity. [7] According to West and Zimmerman, is not a personal trait; it is "an emergent feature of social situations: both as an outcome of and a rationale for various social arrangements, and as a means of legitimating one of the most fundamental divisions of society."
Spouse. Medeline Andrist. Carle Clark Zimmerman (April 10, 1897 – February 7, 1983) was an American sociologist, and an inaugural member of Harvard University's Department of Sociology. [1][2] Zimmerman's masterpiece was Family and Civilization. His work was not widely accepted in the discipline of sociology and is largely forgotten.