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Relative change. In any quantitative science, the terms relative change and relative difference are used to compare two quantities while taking into account the "sizes" of the things being compared, i.e. dividing by a standard or reference or starting value. [1] The comparison is expressed as a ratio and is a unitless number.
Fold change. Fold change is a measure describing how much a quantity changes between an original and a subsequent measurement. It is defined as the ratio between the two quantities; for quantities A and B the fold change of B with respect to A is B / A. In other words, a change from 30 to 60 is defined as a fold-change of 2.
Mean absolute percentage error is commonly used as a loss function for regression problems and in model evaluation, because of its very intuitive interpretation in terms of relative error.
It is thus an arithmetic average of the absolute errors , where is the prediction and the true value. Alternative formulations may include relative frequencies as weight factors. The mean absolute error uses the same scale as the data being measured.
Coefficient of variation. In probability theory and statistics, the coefficient of variation ( CV ), also known as normalized root-mean-square deviation (NRMSD), percent RMS, and relative standard deviation ( RSD ), is a standardized measure of dispersion of a probability distribution or frequency distribution.
The absolute difference between At and Ft is divided by half the sum of absolute values of the actual value At and the forecast value Ft. The value of this calculation is summed for every fitted point t and divided again by the number of fitted points n .
Percentile ranks are not on an equal-interval scale; that is, the difference between any two scores is not the same as between any other two scores whose difference in percentile ranks is the same. For example, 50 − 25 = 25 is not the same distance as 60 − 35 = 25 because of the bell-curve shape of the distribution.
The percent deviation offers an illustration of this method, calculated as the difference between the observed value and the accepted value, divided by the accepted value, and then multiplied by 100%.
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