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The decimal value of the natural logarithm of 2 (sequence A002162 in the OEIS ) is approximately. The logarithm of 2 in other bases is obtained with the formula. The common logarithm in particular is ( OEIS : A007524 ) The inverse of this number is the binary logarithm of 10: ( OEIS : A020862 ). By the Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem, the ...
In probability theory, the law of the iterated logarithm describes the magnitude of the fluctuations of a random walk. The original statement of the law of the iterated logarithm is due to A. Ya. Khinchin (1924). [1] Another statement was given by A. N. Kolmogorov in 1929.
Decade (log scale) Four powers of 10 spanning a range of three decades: 1, 10, 100, 1000 (10, 10, 10, 10) Four grids spanning three decades of resolution: One thousand 0.001s, one-hundred 0.01s, ten 0.1s, one 1. One decade (symbol dec [1]) is a unit for measuring ratios on a logarithmic scale, with one decade corresponding to a ratio of 10 ...
In mathematics, the logarithm is the inverse function to exponentiation. That means that the logarithm of a number x to the base b is the exponent to which b must be raised to produce x. For example, since 1000 = 103, the logarithm base of 1000 is 3, or log10 (1000) = 3.
Index calculus algorithm. In computational number theory, the index calculus algorithm is a probabilistic algorithm for computing discrete logarithms . Dedicated to the discrete logarithm in where is a prime, index calculus leads to a family of algorithms adapted to finite fields and to some families of elliptic curves.
Common logarithm. A graph of the common logarithm of numbers from 0.1 to 100. In mathematics, the common logarithm is the logarithm with base 10. [1] It is also known as the decadic logarithm and as the decimal logarithm, named after its base, or Briggsian logarithm, after Henry Briggs, an English mathematician who pioneered its use, as well as ...
Discrete logarithm. In mathematics, for given real numbers a and b, the logarithm log b a is a number x such that bx = a. Analogously, in any group G, powers bk can be defined for all integers k, and the discrete logarithm log b a is an integer k such that bk = a. In number theory, the more commonly used term is index: we can write x = ind r a ...
Steps of the Pohlig–Hellman algorithm. In group theory, the Pohlig–Hellman algorithm, sometimes credited as the Silver–Pohlig–Hellman algorithm, [1] is a special-purpose algorithm for computing discrete logarithms in a finite abelian group whose order is a smooth integer . The algorithm was introduced by Roland Silver, but first ...