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Genographic Project. ISOGG. v. t. e. Population genetics is a subfield of genetics that deals with genetic differences within and among populations, and is a part of evolutionary biology. Studies in this branch of biology examine such phenomena as adaptation, speciation, and population structure. [1] Population genetics was a vital ingredient ...
Species distribution, or species dispersion, [1] is the manner in which a biological taxon is spatially arranged. [2] The geographic limits of a particular taxon's distribution is its range, often represented as shaded areas on a map. Patterns of distribution change depending on the scale at which they are viewed, from the arrangement of ...
Occupancy–abundance relationship. In ecology, the occupancy–abundance ( O–A) relationship is the relationship between the abundance of species and the size of their ranges within a region. This relationship is perhaps one of the most well-documented relationships in macroecology, and applies both intra- and interspecifically (within and ...
The term population biology has been used with different meanings. In 1971, Edward O. Wilson et al. used the term in the sense of applying mathematical models to population genetics, community ecology, and population dynamics. [1] Alan Hastings used the term in 1997 as the title of his book on the mathematics used in population dynamics. [2]
Mark and recapture. Mark and recapture is a method commonly used in ecology to estimate an animal population 's size where it is impractical to count every individual. [1] A portion of the population is captured, marked, and released. Later, another portion will be captured and the number of marked individuals within the sample is counted.
Population structure (genetics) Population structure (also called genetic structure and population stratification) is the presence of a systematic difference in allele frequencies between subpopulations. In a randomly mating (or panmictic) population, allele frequencies are expected to be roughly similar between groups.
A demographic structure of a population is how populations are often quantified. The total number of individuals in a population is defined as a population size, and how dense these individuals are is defined as population density. There is also a population's geographic range, which has limits that a species can tolerate (such as temperature).
Parapatric speciation can be understood as a level of gene flow between populations where in allopatry (and peripatry), in sympatry, and midway between the two in parapatry. [3] Intrinsic to this, parapatry covers the entire continuum; represented as .
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