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2. Password cracking - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_cracking

   Password cracking. In cryptanalysis and computer security, password cracking is the process of recovering passwords [1] from data that has been stored in or transmitted by a computer system in scrambled form. A common approach ( brute-force attack) is to repeatedly try guesses for the password and to check them against an available ...

3. John the Ripper - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_the_Ripper

   John the Ripper. John the Ripper is a free password cracking software tool. [3] Originally developed for the Unix operating system, it can run on fifteen different platforms (eleven of which are architecture-specific versions of Unix, DOS, Win32, BeOS, and OpenVMS ). It is among the most frequently used password testing and breaking programs [4 ...

4. Crack (password software) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crack_(password_software)

   While traditional password cracking tools simply fed a pre-existing dictionary of words through the crypt() function, Crack v4.0a introduced the ability to apply rules to this word list to generate modified versions of these word lists.

5. Cain and Abel (software) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_(software)

   Cain and Abel (often abbreviated to Cain) was a password recovery tool for Microsoft Windows. It could recover many kinds of passwords using methods such as network packet sniffing, cracking various password hashes by using methods such as dictionary attacks, brute force and cryptanalysis attacks. [1] Cryptanalysis attacks were done via rainbow ...

6. Rainbow table - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_table

   Rainbow table. A rainbow table is a precomputed table for caching the outputs of a cryptographic hash function, usually for cracking password hashes. Passwords are typically stored not in plain text form, but as hash values. If such a database of hashed passwords falls into the hands of an attacker, they can use a precomputed rainbow table to ...

7. Hashcat - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hashcat

   Hashcat is a password recovery tool. It had a proprietary code base until 2015, but was then released as open source software. Versions are available for Linux, macOS, and Windows. Examples of hashcat-supported hashing algorithms are LM hashes, MD4, MD5, SHA-family and Unix Crypt formats as well as algorithms used in MySQL and Cisco PIX .

8. Brute-force attack - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brute-force_attack

   The photograph shows a DES Cracker circuit board fitted with 64 Deep Crack chips using both sides. In cryptography, a brute-force attack consists of an attacker submitting many passwords or passphrases with the hope of eventually guessing correctly. The attacker systematically checks all possible passwords and passphrases until the correct one ...

9. Hydra (software) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydra_(software)

   Hydra (or THC Hydra) is a parallelized network login cracker built in various operating systems like Kali Linux, Parrot and other major penetration testing environments. [2] Hydra works by using different approaches to perform brute-force attacks in order to guess the right username and password combination.