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Psychoanalysis [i] is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques [ii] that deal in part with the unconscious mind, [iii] and which together form a method of treatment for mental disorders. The discipline was established in the early 1890s by Sigmund Freud, [1] whose work stemmed partly from the clinical work of Josef Breuer and others.
Sigmund Freud (/ f r ɔɪ d / FROYD, German: [ˈziːkmʊnt ˈfrɔʏt]; born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies seen as originating from conflicts in the psyche, through dialogue between patient and psychoanalyst, and the distinctive theory of mind and ...
t. e. Psychology is defined as "the scientific study of behavior and mental processes". Philosophical interest in the human mind and behavior dates back to the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Persia, Greece, China, and India. [1] Psychology as a field of experimental study began in 1854 in Leipzig, Germany when Gustav Fechner created the first ...
Wilhelm Wundt. Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt ( / wʊnt /; German: [vʊnt]; 16 August 1832 – 31 August 1920) was a German physiologist, philosopher, and professor, one of the fathers of modern psychology. Wundt, who distinguished psychology as a science from philosophy and biology, was the first person ever to call himself a psychologist. [1]
John B. Watson. John Broadus Watson (January 9, 1878 – September 25, 1958) was an American psychologist who popularized the scientific theory of behaviorism, establishing it as a psychological school. [2] Watson advanced this change in the psychological discipline through his 1913 address at Columbia University, titled Psychology as the ...
1890s. 1890 – Christian von Ehrenfels published On the Qualities of Form, founding Gestalt psychology. 1890 – William James published The Principles of Psychology. 1890 – James Hayden Tufts founded the United States' 9th experimental psychology laboratory at the University of Michigan.
The beginning of psychiatry as a medical specialty is dated to the middle of the nineteenth century, [5] although one may trace its germination to the late eighteenth century. Some of the early manuals about mental disorders were created by the Greeks. [5]
Learning theory (education) A classroom in Norway. Learning theory describes how students receive, process, and retain knowledge during learning. Cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences, as well as prior experience, all play a part in how understanding, or a worldview, is acquired or changed and knowledge and skills retained. [1] [2]