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A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is an error-detecting code commonly used in digital networks and storage devices to detect accidental changes to digital data. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Blocks of data entering these systems get a short check value attached, based on the remainder of a polynomial division of their contents.
RSA (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman) is a public-key cryptosystem, one of the oldest widely used for secure data transmission.The initialism "RSA" comes from the surnames of Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard Adleman, who publicly described the algorithm in 1977.
Asymmetric-key algorithm: R21-Tech-23-94, "Key Exchange Algorithm (KEA)" Key exchange and digital signature algorithm for Fortezza, etc. Fortezza, Fortezza Plus, Palladium Secure Modem: SKIPJACK: Block cipher: R21-Tech-044-91, "SKIPJACK" Confidentiality algorithm for Fortezza, etc. Fortezza, Fortezza Plus, Palladium Secure Modem
The MD5 message-digest algorithm is a widely used hash function producing a 128-bit hash value. MD5 was designed by Ronald Rivest in 1991 to replace an earlier hash function MD4, [3] and was specified in 1992 as RFC 1321.
The PKCS #1 standard defines the mathematical definitions and properties that RSA public and private keys must have. The traditional key pair is based on a modulus, n, that is the product of two distinct large prime numbers, p and q, such that =.
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES): an encryption algorithm, selected by NIST after a public competition. In 2003, NSA certified AES for Type 1 use in some NSA-approved systems. Secure Hash Algorithm: a widely used family of hash algorithms developed by NSA based on earlier designs by Ron Rivest. Digital Signature Algorithm; Data Encryption ...
An extension of the collision attack is the chosen-prefix collision attack, which is specific to Merkle–Damgård hash functions.In this case, the attacker can choose two arbitrarily different documents, and then append different calculated values that result in the whole documents having an equal hash value.
Post-quantum cryptography (PQC), sometimes referred to as quantum-proof, quantum-safe, or quantum-resistant, is the development of cryptographic algorithms (usually public-key algorithms) that are currently thought to be secure against a cryptanalytic attack by a quantum computer.