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However, generally they are considerably slower (typically by a factor 2–10) than fast, non-cryptographic random number generators. These include: Stream ciphers. Popular choices are Salsa20 or ChaCha (often with the number of rounds reduced to 8 for speed), ISAAC, HC-128 and RC4. Block ciphers in counter mode.
A map of the 24 permutations and the 23 swaps used in Heap's algorithm permuting the four letters A (amber), B (blue), C (cyan) and D (dark red) Wheel diagram of all permutations of length = generated by Heap's algorithm, where each permutation is color-coded (1=blue, 2=green, 3=yellow, 4=red).
DC-5, Florida's Pick 5, Georgia Five, Louisiana's Pick 5, Maryland's Pick 5, Ohio's Pick 5, Pennsylvania's Pick 5, and Virginia's Pick 5 also do not truly fit this category, as they are five-digit numbers games with "straight" and "box" wagers played like many U.S. pick-3 and pick-4 games.
The Mersenne Twister is a general-purpose pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) developed in 1997 by Makoto Matsumoto (松本 眞) and Takuji Nishimura (西村 拓士). [1][2] Its name derives from the choice of a Mersenne prime as its period length. The Mersenne Twister was designed specifically to rectify most of the flaws found in older PRNGs.
A k-combination of a set S is a k-element subset of S: the elements of a combination are not ordered. Ordering the k-combinations of S in all possible ways produces the k-permutations of S. The number of k-combinations of an n-set, C(n,k), is therefore related to the number of k-permutations of n by: (,) = (,) (,) = _! =!
Combination. In mathematics, a combination is a selection of items from a set that has distinct members, such that the order of selection does not matter (unlike permutations). For example, given three fruits, say an apple, an orange and a pear, there are three combinations of two that can be drawn from this set: an apple and a pear; an apple ...
Generation of primes. In computational number theory, a variety of algorithms make it possible to generate prime numbers efficiently. These are used in various applications, for example hashing, public-key cryptography, and search of prime factors in large numbers. For relatively small numbers, it is possible to just apply trial division to ...
For Fibonacci numbers starting with F 1 = 0 and F 2 = 1 and with each succeeding Fibonacci number being the sum of the preceding two, one can generate a sequence of Pythagorean triples starting from (a 3, b 3, c 3) = (4, 3, 5) via