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Media bias occurs when journalists and news producers show bias in how they report and cover news. The term "media bias" implies a pervasive or widespread bias contravening of the standards of journalism, rather than the perspective of an individual journalist or article. [1] The direction and degree of media bias in various countries is widely ...
Media literacy. Media literacy is an expanded conceptualization of literacy that includes the ability to access and analyze media messages as well as create, reflect and take action, using the power of information and communication to make a difference in the world. [1] Media literacy is not restricted to one medium [2] and is understood as a ...
Claims of media bias generally focus on the idea of media outlets reporting news in a way that seems partisan. Other claims argue that outlets sometimes sacrifice objectivity in pursuit of growth or profits. Some academics in fields like media studies, journalism, communication, political science and economics have looked at bias of the news ...
Availability heuristic. The availability heuristic, also known as availability bias, is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a given person's mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method, or decision. This heuristic, operating on the notion that, if something can be recalled, it must be important, or at ...
The most common term is "hostile media effect," perhaps because scholars appreciate that the "effect" term cuts to the heart of the mass communication research enterprise and captures the theoretically intriguing aspect of the hostile media phenomenon. (703) The effect appears to be something of a disconfirmation bias, or "a contrast bias – a ...
Journalism. Journalistic ethics and standards comprise principles of ethics and good practice applicable to journalists. This subset of media ethics is known as journalism's professional " code of ethics" and the "canons of journalism". [1] The basic codes and canons commonly appear in statements by professional journalism associations and ...
Media Bias/Fact Check ( MBFC) is an American website founded in 2015 by Dave M. Van Zandt. [1] It considers four main categories and multiple subcategories in assessing the "political bias" and "factual reporting" of media outlets. [2] [3] It is widely used, but has been criticised for its methodology. [4]
Selective perception is the tendency not to notice and more quickly forget stimuli that cause emotional discomfort and contradict prior beliefs. For example, a teacher may have a favorite student because they are biased by in-group favoritism. The teacher ignores the student's poor attainment. Conversely, they might not notice the progress of ...