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Greek cross. Serbian cross. The Russian Orthodox Cross (or just the Orthodox Cross by some Russian Orthodox traditions) [1] is a variation of the Christian cross since the 16th century in Russia, although it bears some similarity to a cross with a bottom crossbeam slanted the other way (upwards) found since the 6th century in the Byzantine Empire.
The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; Russian: Русская православная церковь, romanized:Russkaya pravoslavnaya tserkov', abbreviated as РПЦ), alternatively legally known as the Moscow Patriarchate (Russian: Московский патриархат, romanized:Moskovskiy patriarkhat), [ 12 ] is an autocephalous Eastern ...
In the 19th century the Russian cross was used on the coat of arms of the Kherson Governorate in the Russian empire, where it was named the "Russian cross". In the Russian Orthodox Church, the inclination of the lower crossbar of the Russian Orthodox cross is viewed as the crossbar of the balance, one point of which is raised as a sign of the ...
This cross existed in a slightly different form (with the bottom crossbeam pointing upwards) in Byzantium, and it was changed and adopted by the Russian Orthodox Church and especially popularized in the East Slavic countries. Russian cross: Six-pointed variant of Russian Orthodox cross proposed at the 1654 Moscow church council.
By 1957 about 22,000 Russian Orthodox churches had become active. But in 1959 Nikita Khrushchev initiated his own campaign against the Russian Orthodox Church and forced the closure of about 12,000 churches. By 1985 fewer than 7,000 churches remained active.
The Russian Orthodox cross can be considered a modified version of the Patriarchal cross, having two smaller crossbeams, one at the top and one near the bottom, in addition to the longer crossbeam. One suggestion is the lower crossbeam represents the footrest ( suppedaneum ) to which the feet of Jesus were nailed.
Poland. 235 (2021 estimation)[11] Old Believers, also called Old Ritualists[a], are Eastern Orthodox Christians who maintain the liturgical and ritual practices of the Russian Orthodox Church as they were before the reforms of Patriarch Nikon of Moscow between 1652 and 1666. Resisting the accommodation of Russian piety to the contemporary forms ...
In the United States there are numerous notable Russian Orthodox churches, including many that were listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1980 as part of one study. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In Alaska, the Russian America community includes more than 20,000 members of the Russian Orthodox church.