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Frustration–aggression hypothesis. The frustration–aggression hypothesis, also known as the frustration–aggression–displacement theory, is a theory of aggression proposed by John Dollard, Neal Miller, Leonard Doob, Orval Mowrer, and Robert Sears in 1939, [1] and further developed by Neal Miller in 1941 [2] and Leonard Berkowitz in 1989. [3]
A scapegoat may be an adult, child, sibling, employee, peer, ethnic, political or religious group, or country. A whipping boy, identified patient, or "fall guy" are forms of scapegoat. Scapegoating has its origins in the scapegoat ritual of atonement described in chapter 16 of the Biblical Book of Leviticus, in which a goat (or ass) is released ...
Learned helplessness is the behavior exhibited by a subject after enduring repeated aversive stimuli beyond their control. It was initially thought to be caused by the subject's acceptance of their powerlessness, by way of their discontinuing attempts to escape or avoid the aversive stimulus, even when such alternatives are unambiguously presented.
René Noël Théophile Girard (/ ʒɪəˈrɑːrd /; [2] French: [ʒiʁaʁ]; 25 December 1923 – 4 November 2015) was a French historian, literary critic, and philosopher of social science whose work belongs to the tradition of philosophical anthropology. Girard was the author of nearly thirty books, with his writings spanning many academic ...
Identified patient (IP) is a clinical term often used in family therapy discussion. It describes one family member in a dysfunctional family who is used as an expression of the family's authentic inner conflicts. As a family system is dynamic, the overt symptoms of an identified patient draw attention away from the "elephants in the living room ...
The word "scapegoat" is an English translation of the Hebrew 'ăzāzêl (Hebrew: עזאזל), which occurs in Leviticus 16:8: And Aaron shall cast lots upon the two goats: one lot for the Lord, and the other lot for Azazel. The Brown–Driver–Briggs Hebrew Lexicon [3] gives la-azazel (לעזאזל) as a reduplicative intensive of the stem ʕ ...
In computer science, a scapegoat tree is a self-balancing binary search tree, invented by Arne Andersson [2] in 1989 and again by Igal Galperin and Ronald L. Rivest in 1993. [1] It provides worst-case lookup time (with as the number of entries) and amortized insertion and deletion time. Unlike most other self-balancing binary search trees which ...
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