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2. Password cracking - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_cracking

   Password cracking. In cryptanalysis and computer security, password cracking is the process of recovering passwords [1] from data that has been stored in or transmitted by a computer system in scrambled form. A common approach ( brute-force attack) is to repeatedly try guesses for the password and to check them against an available ...

3. Password strength - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength

   Password strength. Options menu of the random password generation tool in KeePass. Enabling more character subsets raises the strength of generated passwords a small amount, whereas increasing their length raises the strength a large amount. Password strength is a measure of the effectiveness of a password against guessing or brute-force attacks.

4. Brute-force attack - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brute-force_attack

   A brute-force attack is a cryptanalytic attack that can, in theory, be used to attempt to decrypt any encrypted data (except for data encrypted in an information-theoretically secure manner). [1] Such an attack might be used when it is not possible to take advantage of other weaknesses in an encryption system (if any exist) that would make the ...

5. John the Ripper - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_the_Ripper

   John the Ripper. John the Ripper is a free password cracking software tool. [3] Originally developed for the Unix operating system, it can run on fifteen different platforms (eleven of which are architecture-specific versions of Unix, DOS, Win32, BeOS, and OpenVMS ). It is among the most frequently used password testing and breaking programs [4 ...

6. Microsoft Office password protection - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Office_password...

   With the help of the SHA-1 hash function, the password is stretched into a 128-bit key 50,000 times before opening the document; as a result, the time required to crack it is vastly increased, similar to PBKDF2, scrypt or other KDFs. [citation needed] Office 2010 employed AES and a 128-bit key, but the number of SHA-1 conversions doubled to ...

7. Key stretching - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_stretching

   Key stretching. In cryptography, key stretching techniques are used to make a possibly weak key, typically a password or passphrase, more secure against a brute-force attack by increasing the resources (time and possibly space) it takes to test each possible key. Passwords or passphrases created by humans are often short or predictable enough ...