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Logical consequence (also entailment) is a fundamental concept in logic which describes the relationship between statements that hold true when one statement logically follows from one or more statements. A valid logical argument is one in which the conclusion is entailed by the premises, because the conclusion is the consequence of the premises.
Validity (statistics) Validity is the main extent to which a concept, conclusion, or measurement is well-founded and likely corresponds accurately to the real world. [1] [2] The word "valid" is derived from the Latin validus, meaning strong. The validity of a measurement tool (for example, a test in education) is the degree to which the tool ...
Logic gate. A logic circuit diagram for a 4-bit carry lookahead binary adder design using only the AND, OR, and XOR logic gates. A logic gate is a device that performs a Boolean function, a logical operation performed on one or more binary inputs that produces a single binary output. Depending on the context, the term may refer to an ideal ...
In mathematics and mathematical logic, Boolean algebra is a branch of algebra. It differs from elementary algebra in two ways. First, the values of the variables are the truth values true and false, usually denoted 1 and 0, whereas in elementary algebra the values of the variables are numbers. Second, Boolean algebra uses logical operators such ...
Propositional calculus. The propositional calculus [a] is a branch of logic. [1] It is also called propositional logic, [2] statement logic, [1] sentential calculus, [3] sentential logic, [1] or sometimes zeroth-order logic. [4] [5] It deals with propositions [1] (which can be true or false) [6] and relations between propositions, [7] including ...
Job-shop scheduling. Job-shop scheduling, the job-shop problem ( JSP) or job-shop scheduling problem ( JSSP) is an optimization problem in computer science and operations research. It is a variant of optimal job scheduling. In a general job scheduling problem, we are given n jobs J1 , J2 , ..., Jn of varying processing times, which need to be ...
Full adder [ edit] A full adder adds binary numbers and accounts for values carried in as well as out. A one-bit full-adder adds three one-bit numbers, often written as , , and ; and are the operands, and is a bit carried in from the previous less-significant stage. [3] The full adder is usually a component in a cascade of adders, which add 8 ...
An immediate inference is an inference which can be made from only one statement or proposition. [1] For instance, from the statement "All toads are green", the immediate inference can be made that "no toads are not green" or "no toads are non-green" (Obverse). There are a number of immediate inferences which can validly be made using logical ...