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Eduard Spranger (27 June 1882 – 17 September 1963) was a German philosopher and psychologist. A student of Wilhelm Dilthey, Spranger was born in Berlin and died in Tübingen. He was considered a humanist who developed a philosophical pedagogy as an act of 'self defense' against the psychology-oriented experimental theory of the times.
Personality Theories: Basic Assumptions, Research, and Applications. Psychology has traditionally defined personality through its behavioral patterns, and more recently with neuroscientific studies of the brain. In recent years, some psychologists have turned to the study of inner experiences for insight into personality as well as individuality.
Francis Aveling, King's College London. Raymond Bernard Cattell (20 March 1905 – 2 February 1998) was a British-American psychologist, known for his psychometric research into intrapersonal psychological structure. [1][2] His work also explored the basic dimensions of personality and temperament, the range of cognitive abilities, the dynamic ...
A chart with descriptions of each Myers–Briggs personality type and the four dichotomies central to the theory. The Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a self-report questionnaire that pseudoscientific claims [ 6 ] purport can indicate differing " psychological types " or "personality types". The MBTI was constructed during World War II ...
Holland also wrote of his theory that "the choice of a vocation is an expression of personality". [ 14 ] : 6 Furthermore, while Holland suggested that people can be "categorized as one of six types", [ 14 ] : 2 he also argued that "a six-category scheme built on the assumption that there are only six kinds of people in the world is unacceptable ...
In 1938, Henry Murray developed a system of needs as part of his theory of personality, which he named personology.He argued that everyone had a set of universal basic needs, with individual differences on these needs leading to the uniqueness of personality through varying dispositional tendencies for each need; in other words, a specific need is more important to some than to others.
In trait theory, the Big Five personality traits (sometimes known as the five-factor model of personality or OCEAN model) are a group of five unique characteristics used to study personality: [1] openness to experience (inventive/curious vs. consistent/cautious) conscientiousness (efficient/organized vs. extravagant/careless)
The four temperament theory is a proto-psychological theory which suggests that there are four fundamental personality types: sanguine, choleric, melancholic, and phlegmatic. [2][3] Most formulations include the possibility of mixtures among the types where an individual's personality types overlap and they share two or more temperaments.