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  2. Standard error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_error

    For correlated random variables the sample variance needs to be computed according to the Markov chain central limit theorem.. Independent and identically distributed random variables with random sample size

  3. Numeric precision in Microsoft Excel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeric_precision_in...

    Both the "compatibility" function STDEVP and the "consistency" function STDEV.P in Excel 2010 return the 0.5 population standard deviation for the given set of values. However, numerical inaccuracy still can be shown using this example by extending the existing figure to include 10 15 , whereupon the erroneous standard deviation found by Excel ...

  4. Standard deviation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation

    The standard deviation σ of X is defined as which can be shown to equal. Using words, the standard deviation is the square root of the variance of X . The standard deviation of a probability distribution is the same as that of a random variable having that distribution. Not all random variables have a standard deviation.

  5. Unbiased estimation of standard deviation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unbiased_estimation_of...

    Bias in standard deviation for autocorrelated data. The figure shows the ratio of the estimated standard deviation to its known value (which can be calculated analytically for this digital filter), for several settings of α as a function of sample size n. Changing α alters the variance reduction ratio of the filter, which is known to be

  6. Error function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_function

    Main page; Contents; Current events; Random article; About Wikipedia; Contact us; Donate; Pages for logged out editors learn more

  7. Residual sum of squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residual_sum_of_squares

    In statistics, the residual sum of squares ( RSS ), also known as the sum of squared residuals ( SSR) or the sum of squared estimate of errors ( SSE ), is the sum of the squares of residuals (deviations predicted from actual empirical values of data). It is a measure of the discrepancy between the data and an estimation model, such as a linear ...

  8. Propagation of uncertainty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_of_uncertainty

    where represents the standard deviation of the function , represents the standard deviation of , represents the standard deviation of , and so forth.. It is important to note that this formula is based on the linear characteristics of the gradient of and therefore it is a good estimation for the standard deviation of as long as ,,, … are small enough.

  9. Deviation (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deviation_(statistics)

    The second standard deviation from the mean in a normal distribution encompasses a larger portion of the data, covering approximately 95% of the observations. Standard deviation is a widely used measure of the spread or dispersion of a dataset. It quantifies the average amount of variation or deviation of individual data points from the mean of ...