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Christian cross variants. 7th-century Byzantine solidus, showing Leontius holding a globus cruciger, with a stepped cross on the obverse side. Double-barred cross symbol as used in a 9th-century Byzantine seal. Greek cross (Church of Saint Sava) and Latin cross (St. Paul's cathedral) in church floorplans. The Christian cross, with or without a ...
Byzantine flags and insignia. For most of its history, the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire did not use heraldry in the Western European sense of permanent motifs transmitted through hereditary right. [1] Various large aristocratic families employed certain symbols to identify themselves; [1] the use of the cross, and of icons of Christ, the ...
The Russian Orthodox cross can be considered a modified version of the Patriarchal cross, having two smaller crossbeams, one at the top and one near the bottom, in addition to the longer crossbeam. One suggestion is the lower crossbeam represents the footrest ( suppedaneum ) to which the feet of Jesus were nailed.
In hoc signo vinces is the motto on the O'Donnell coat of arms. It is the motto of the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts. [13] It is the official motto of the Knights Templar in the American York Rite of Freemasonry. It was the motto of the Ancient and Illustrious Order Knights Of Malta, a Protestant fraternal society.
The Jerusalem cross (also known as "five-fold Cross", or "cross-and-crosslets") is a heraldic cross and Christian cross variant consisting of a large cross potent surrounded by four smaller Greek crosses, one in each quadrant. Heavily popularized in the crusades, it was used as the emblem and coat of arms of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from the 1280s.
The cross is made from gold and enamel, and measures approximately 4.3 by 2.9 by 0–3 centimetres (1.7 in × 1.1 in × 0.0 in–1.2 in). One side of the cross depicts Christ on the cross, and on the other side, Christ as judge with Mary and John the Baptist, as well as the two Greek Orthodox saints Basil of Caesarea and John Chrysostom. [2]
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