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Unicode, formally The Unicode Standard, [note 1] is a text encoding standard maintained by the Unicode Consortium designed to support the use of text written in all of the world's major writing systems. Version 15.1 of the standard [A] defines 149 813 characters [3] and 161 scripts used in various ordinary, literary, academic, and technical contexts.
Unicode equivalence. Unicode equivalence is the specification by the Unicode character encoding standard that some sequences of code points represent essentially the same character. This feature was introduced in the standard to allow compatibility with preexisting standard character sets, which often included similar or identical characters.
e. The Universal Coded Character Set ( UCS, Unicode) is a standard set of characters defined by the international standard ISO / IEC 10646, Information technology — Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) (plus amendments to that standard), which is the basis of many character encodings, improving as characters from previously unrepresented ...
UTF-8. UTF-8 is a variable-length character encoding standard used for electronic communication. Defined by the Unicode Standard, the name is derived from Unicode Transformation Format – 8-bit. [1] UTF-8 is capable of encoding all 1,112,064 [a] valid Unicode code points using one to four one- byte (8-bit) code units.
This article compares Unicode encodings. Two situations are considered: 8-bit-clean environments (which can be assumed), and environments that forbid use of byte values that have the high bit set. Originally such prohibitions were to allow for links that used only seven data bits, but they remain in some standards and so some standard-conforming software must generate messages that comply with ...
Unicode has subscripted and superscripted versions of a number of characters including a full set of Arabic numerals. [1] These characters allow any polynomial, chemical and certain other equations to be represented in plain text without using any form of markup like HTML or TeX .
Cyrillic script in Unicode. As of Unicode version 15.1, Cyrillic script is encoded across several blocks : The characters in the range U+0400–U+045F are basically the characters from ISO 8859-5 moved upward by 864 positions. The next characters in the Cyrillic block, range U+0460–U+0489, are historical letters, some of which are still used ...
Unicode also contains many precomposed characters, so that in many cases it is possible to use both combining diacritics and precomposed characters, at the user's or application's choice. This leads to a requirement to perform Unicode normalization before comparing two Unicode strings and to carefully design encoding converters to correctly map all of the valid ways to represent a character in ...