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Challan. Challan or Chalan is a common Hindi word (चालान, cālān) that has become an Indian English technical word used officially in many professional, especially financial transactions. It usually means an official form or receipt of acknowledgement or other kind of proof document, piece of paperwork, police citation, etc.
C. calculus. (From Latin calculus, literally 'small pebble', used for counting and calculations, as on an abacus) [8] is the mathematical study of continuous change, in the same way that geometry is the study of shape and algebra is the study of generalizations of arithmetic operations. Cavalieri's principle.
Royalty payment. A royalty payment is a payment made by one party to another that owns a particular asset, for the right to ongoing use of that asset. Royalties are typically agreed upon as a percentage of gross or net revenues derived from the use of an asset or a fixed price per unit sold of an item of such, but there are also other modes and ...
Free and Candid Disquisitions is a 1749 pamphlet written and compiled by John Jones, a Welsh Church of England clergyman, and published anonymously. The work promoted a series of specific reforms to the Church of England and its mandated book for liturgical worship, the 1662 Book of Common Prayer.
The perplexity is the exponentiation of the entropy, a more straightforward quantity. Entropy measures the expected or "average" number of bits required to encode the outcome of the random variable using an optimal variable-length code. It can also be regarded as the expected information gain from learning the outcome of the random variable ...
Faulhaber's formula concerns expressing the sum of the p -th powers of the first n positive integers. as a ( p + 1)th-degree polynomial function of n . The first few examples are well known. For p = 0, we have. The coefficients of Faulhaber's formula in its general form involve the Bernoulli numbers Bj.
Nasir al-Din Tusi’s autobiography, The Voyage (Sayr wa-Suluk) explains that a literary devastation such as the devastation of the Alamūt libraries in 1256 would not waver the spirit of the Nizari Ismaili community because they give more importance to the “living book” (the Imam of the Time) rather than the “written word”.
Champernowne constant. In mathematics, the Champernowne constant C10 is a transcendental real constant whose decimal expansion has important properties. It is named after economist and mathematician D. G. Champernowne, who published it as an undergraduate in 1933. [1] The number is defined by concatenating the base 10 representations of the ...