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2. Brute-force attack - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brute-force_attack

   A brute-force attack is a cryptanalytic attack that can, in theory, be used to attempt to decrypt any encrypted data (except for data encrypted in an information-theoretically secure manner). [1] Such an attack might be used when it is not possible to take advantage of other weaknesses in an encryption system (if any exist) that would make the ...

3. Password strength - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength

   Password strength. Options menu of the random password generation tool in KeePass. Enabling more character subsets raises the strength of generated passwords a small amount, whereas increasing their length raises the strength a large amount. Password strength is a measure of the effectiveness of a password against guessing or brute-force attacks.

4. Password cracking - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_cracking

   Password cracking. cryptanalysis and computer security, password cracking is the process of recovering passwords [1] from data that has been stored in or transmitted by a computer system in scrambled form. A common approach ( brute-force attack) is to repeatedly try guesses for the password and to check them against an available cryptographic ...

5. Argon2 - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon2

   The first attack shows that it is possible to compute a single-pass Argon2i function using between a quarter and a fifth of the desired space with no time penalty, and compute a multiple-pass Argon2i using only N / e (≈ N /2.72) space with no time penalty. According to the Argon2 authors, this attack vector was fixed in version 1.3.

6. MD5 - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5

   The MD5 message-digest algorithm is a widely used hash function producing a 128- bit hash value. MD5 was designed by Ronald Rivest in 1991 to replace an earlier hash function MD4, [3] and was specified in 1992 as RFC 1321. MD5 can be used as a checksum to verify data integrity against unintentional corruption. Historically it was widely used as ...

7. Key stretching - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_stretching

   Key stretching. In cryptography, key stretching techniques are used to make a possibly weak key, typically a password or passphrase, more secure against a brute-force attack by increasing the resources (time and possibly space) it takes to test each possible key. Passwords or passphrases created by humans are often short or predictable enough ...

8. List of the most common passwords - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_most_common...

   Since 2011, the firm has published the list based on data examined from millions of passwords leaked in data breaches, mostly in North America and Western Europe, over each year. In the 2016 edition, the 25 most common passwords made up more than 10% of the surveyed passwords, with the most common password of 2016, "123456", making up 4%. [5]

9. Crack (password software) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crack_(password_software)

   Crack was the first standalone password cracker for Unix systems and the first to introduce programmable dictionary generation as well. Crack began in 1990 when Alec Muffett, a Unix system administrator at the University of Wales Aberystwyth, was trying to improve Dan Farmer's pwc cracker in COPS. Muffett found that by re-engineering the memory ...