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Theory of Change. A theory of change ( ToC) is an explicit theory of how and why it is thought that a social policy or program activities lead to outcomes and impacts. [1] ToCs are used in the design of programs and program evaluation, across a range of policy areas. Theories of change can be developed at any stage of a program, depending on ...
Theories Template matching. Template matching theory describes the most basic approach to human pattern recognition. It is a theory that assumes every perceived object is stored as a "template" into long-term memory. Incoming information is compared to these templates to find an exact match.
The U Process of Co-sensing and Co-creating — Presencing. Theory U is a change management method and the title of a book by Otto Scharmer. Scharmer with colleagues at MIT conducted 150 interviews with entrepreneurs and innovators in science, business, and society and then extended the basic principles into a theory of learning and management, which he calls Theory U. The principles of Theory ...
Evaporating cloud. The evaporating cloud is one of the six thinking processes in the theory of constraints (TOC). The evaporating cloud (EC) – also referred to in the literature as "the cloud", or as a "conflict resolution diagram" [1] – is a logical diagram representing a problem that has no obvious satisfactory solution. [2]
The range of evolutionary theories during "the eclipse of Darwinism" included forms of "saltationism" in which new species were thought to arise through "jumps" rather than gradual adaptation, forms of orthogenesis claiming that species had an inherent tendency to change in a particular direction, and forms of neo-Lamarckism in which ...
The Overton window is an approach to identifying the ideas that define the spectrum of acceptability of governmental policies. It says politicians can act only within the acceptable range. Shifting the Overton window involves proponents of policies outside the window persuading the public to expand the window. Proponents of current policies, or ...
Actor–network theory (ANT) is a theoretical and methodological approach to social theory where everything in the social and natural worlds exists in constantly shifting networks of relationships. It posits that nothing exists outside those relationships.
The theory has been influential in the fields of generational studies, marketing, and business management literature. However, the theory has also been described by some historians and journalists as pseudoscientific, "kooky", and "an elaborate historical horoscope that will never withstand scholarly scrutiny".