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A variable is considered dependent if it depends on an independent variable. Dependent variables are studied under the supposition or demand that they depend, by some law or rule (e.g., by a mathematical function ), on the values of other variables. Independent variables, in turn, are not seen as depending on any other variable in the scope of ...
A control variable (or scientific constant) in scientific experimentation is an experimental element which is constant (controlled) and unchanged throughout the course of the investigation. Control variables could strongly influence experimental results were they not held constant during the experiment in order to test the relative relationship ...
Definition. A random variable is a measurable function from a sample space as a set of possible outcomes to a measurable space . The technical axiomatic definition requires the sample space to be a sample space of a probability triple (see the measure-theoretic definition ). A random variable is often denoted by capital Roman letters such as .
Log-normal distribution. In probability theory, a log-normal (or lognormal) distribution is a continuous probability distribution of a random variable whose logarithm is normally distributed. Thus, if the random variable X is log-normally distributed, then Y = ln (X) has a normal distribution.
Multivariate analysis of covariance. Multivariate analysis of covariance ( MANCOVA) is an extension of analysis of covariance ( ANCOVA) methods to cover cases where there is more than one dependent variable and where the control of concomitant continuous independent variables – covariates – is required. The most prominent benefit of the ...
Variance is a measure of dispersion, meaning it is a measure of how far a set of numbers is spread out from their average value. It is the second central moment of a distribution, and the covariance of the random variable with itself, and it is often represented by , , , , or . [1]
Chi-squared distribution, showing χ2 on the x -axis and p -value (right tail probability) on the y -axis. A chi-squared test (also chi-square or χ2 test) is a statistical hypothesis test used in the analysis of contingency tables when the sample sizes are large. In simpler terms, this test is primarily used to examine whether two categorical ...
Multivariable calculus (also known as multivariate calculus) is the extension of calculus in one variable to calculus with functions of several variables: the differentiation and integration of functions involving multiple variables (multivariate), rather than just one.