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Cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( cAMP, cyclic AMP, or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger, or cellular signal occurring within cells, that is important in many biological processes. cAMP is a derivative of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms, conveying ...
The transporter is an obligate exchange translocase specific for ATP and ADP. It functions to take up ATP from the eukaryotic cell cytoplasm into the bacterium in exchange for ADP. The ATP/ADP uniporters can also transport inorganic phosphate, but not ribonucleoside and monophosphates, as well as deoxyribonucleotides. [3] [4]
Adenine nucleotide translocator ( ANT ), also known as the ADP/ATP translocase ( ANT ), ADP/ATP carrier protein ( AAC) or mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier, exchanges free ATP with free ADP across the inner mitochondrial membrane. [1] [2] ANT is the most abundant protein in the inner mitochondrial membrane and belongs to mitochondrial carrier family.
DnaA is a protein that activates initiation of DNA replication in bacteria. [1] Based on the Replicon Model, a positively active initiator molecule contacts with a particular spot on a circular chromosome called the replicator to start DNA replication. [2] It is a replication initiation factor which promotes the unwinding of DNA at oriC. [1]
A sarcomere (Greek σάρξ sarx "flesh", μέρος meros "part") is the smallest functional unit of striated muscle tissue. [1] It is the repeating unit between two Z-lines. Skeletal muscles are composed of tubular muscle cells (called muscle fibers or myofibers) which are formed during embryonic myogenesis. Muscle fibers contain numerous ...
An ATP-binding motif is a 250-residue sequence within an ATP -binding protein’s primary structure. The binding motif is associated with a protein’s structure and/or function. [1] ATP is a molecule of energy, and can be a coenzyme, involved in a number of biological reactions. ATP is proficient at interacting with other molecules through a ...
Adenine derivatives have various roles in biochemistry including cellular respiration, in the form of both the energy-rich adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and Coenzyme A. It also has functions in protein synthesis and as a chemical component of DNA and RNA.
Photosynthesis ( / ˌfoʊtəˈsɪnθəsɪs / FOH-tə-SINTH-ə-sis) [1] is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their activities.