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In molecular biology, transformation efficiency is a crucial parameter, it is used to evaluate the ability of different methods to introduce plasmid DNA into cells and to compare the efficiency of different plasmid, vectors and host cells. This efficiency can be affected by a number of factors, including the method used for introducing the DNA ...
The term attributable risk percent among the exposed is used if the fraction is expressed as a percentage. [1] It is calculated as , where is the incidence in the exposed group, is the incidence in the unexposed group, and is the relative risk. [2] It is used when an exposure increases the risk, as opposed to reducing it, in which case its ...
Mass fraction can also be expressed, with a denominator of 100, as percentage by mass (in commercial contexts often called percentage by weight, abbreviated wt.% or % w/w; see mass versus weight ). It is one way of expressing the composition of a mixture in a dimensionless size; mole fraction (percentage by moles, mol%) and volume fraction ( percentage by volume, vol%) are others.
Conversion (chemistry) Conversion and its related terms yield and selectivity are important terms in chemical reaction engineering. They are described as ratios of how much of a reactant has reacted ( X — conversion, normally between zero and one), how much of a desired product was formed ( Y — yield, normally also between zero and one) and ...
The atmospheric lifetime of a greenhouse gas refers to the time required to restore equilibrium following a sudden increase or decrease in its concentration in the atmosphere.
The risk difference (RD), excess risk, or attributable risk [1] is the difference between the risk of an outcome in the exposed group and the unexposed group. It is computed as , where is the incidence in the exposed group, and is the incidence in the unexposed group. If the risk of an outcome is increased by the exposure, the term absolute risk increase (ARI) is used, and computed as ...
A medical monitoring device displaying a normal human heart rate. Heart rate (or pulse rate) [1] is the frequency of the heartbeat measured by the number of contractions of the heart per minute ( beats per minute, or bpm). The heart rate varies according to the body's physical needs, including the need to absorb oxygen and excrete carbon dioxide.
They can increase the money supply by purchasing government securities, such as government bonds or treasury bills. This increases the liquidity in the banking system by converting the illiquid securities of commercial banks into liquid deposits at the central bank.