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Breathing ( spiration [1] or ventilation) is the rhythmical process of moving air into ( inhalation) and out of ( exhalation) the lungs to facilitate gas exchange with the internal environment, mostly to flush out carbon dioxide and bring in oxygen .
Split S2. Wiggers diagram of various events of a cardiac cycle, with 2nd heart sound at bottom. A split S2 is a finding upon auscultation of the S2 heart sound. [1] It is caused when the closure of the aortic valve (A 2) and the closure of the pulmonary valve (P 2) are not synchronized during inspiration. The second heart sound (S2) is caused ...
Agonal respiration, gasping respiration or agonal breathing is a distinct abnormal pattern of breathing and brainstem reflex characterized by gasping, labored breathing, accompanied by strange vocalizations and myoclonus. [1] : 164, 166 Possible causes include cerebral ischemia, extreme hypoxia (inadequate oxygen supply to tissue ), [2] or even ...
The term phonation has slightly different meanings depending on the subfield of phonetics. Among some phoneticians, phonation is the process by which the vocal folds produce certain sounds through quasi-periodic vibration. This is the definition used among those who study laryngeal anatomy and physiology and speech production in general.
The fourth heart sound or S 4 is an extra heart sound that occurs during late diastole, immediately before the normal two "lub-dub" heart sounds (S 1 and S 2).It occurs just after atrial contraction and immediately before the systolic S 1 and is caused by the atria contracting forcefully in an effort to overcome an abnormally stiff or hypertrophic ventricle.
The production of speech is a highly complex motor task that involves approximately 100 orofacial, laryngeal, pharyngeal, and respiratory muscles. Precise and expeditious timing of these muscles is essential for the production of temporally complex speech sounds, which are characterized by transitions as short as 10 ms between frequency bands and an average speaking rate of approximately 15 ...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) is a type of progressive lung disease characterized by long-term respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. [8] GOLD 2024 defined COPD as a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, cough, sputum production and/or exacerbations) due to abnormalities of ...
Causes. virus, bacteria, common cold, allergy, pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis. A wheeze is a clinical symptom of a continuous, coarse, whistling sound produced in the respiratory airways during breathing. [1] For wheezes to occur, part of the respiratory tree must be narrowed or obstructed (for example narrowing of the lower respiratory tract ...