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Information technology (IT) is a set of related fields that encompass computer systems, software, programming languages, and data and information processing, and storage. [1] IT forms part of information and communications technology (ICT). [2] An information technology system (IT system) is generally an information system, a communications ...
An information system (IS) is a formal, sociotechnical, organizational system designed to collect, process, store, and distribute information. [1] From a sociotechnical perspective, information systems comprise four components: task, people, structure (or roles), and technology. [2] Information systems can be defined as an integration of ...
A geographic information system (GIS) consists of integrated computer hardware and software that store, manage, analyze, edit, output, and visualize geographic data. [1][2] Much of this often happens within a spatial database; however, this is not essential to meet the definition of a GIS. [1] In a broader sense, one may consider such a system ...
Information science focuses on understanding problems from the perspective of the stakeholders involved and then applying information and other technologies as needed. In other words, it tackles systemic problems first rather than individual pieces of technology within that system. In this respect, one can see information science as a response ...
Management information system. A management information system (MIS) is an information system [1] used for decision-making, and for the coordination, control, analysis, and visualization of information in an organization. The study of the management information systems involves people, processes and technology in an organizational context.
Information management (IM) is the appropriate and optimized capture, storage, retrieval, and use of information. It may be personal information management or organizational. Information Management for organizations concerns a cycle of organizational activity: the acquisition of information from one or more sources, the custodianship and the ...
Information is an abstract concept that refers to something which has the power to inform. At the most fundamental level, it pertains to the interpretation (perhaps formally) of that which may be sensed, or their abstractions. Any natural process that is not completely random and any observable pattern in any medium can be said to convey some ...
Information retrieval is the science [1] of searching for information in a document, searching for documents themselves, and also searching for the metadata that describes data, and for databases of texts, images or sounds. Automated information retrieval systems are used to reduce what has been called information overload.