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Urdu literature originated sometime around the 14th century in present-day North India among the sophisticated gentry of the courts. Amir Khusrau, who lived in the thirteenth century, wrote and gave shape to the Rekhta dialect (The Persianized combination of Hindavi), which was the early form of Modern Standard Urdu.
C. M. Naim. Born. 3 June 1936. Choudhri Mohammed Naim (born 3 June 1936) is an American scholar of Urdu language and literature. He is currently professor emeritus at the University of Chicago. Naim is the founding editor of both Annual of Urdu Studies and Mahfil (now Journal of South Asian Literature ), as well as the author of the definitive ...
Old Hindi. Old Hindi, [A] or Khariboli was the earliest stage of the Hindustani language, and so the ancestor of today's Modern Standard Hindi and Standard Urdu registers. [2] It developed from Shauraseni Prakrit and was spoken by the peoples of the region around Delhi, in roughly the 10th–13th centuries before the Delhi Sultanate.
The Hindi–Urdu controversy arose in 19th century colonial India out of the debate over whether Modern Standard Hindi or Standard Urdu should be chosen as a national language . Hindi and Urdu are mutually intelligible as spoken languages, to the extent that they are sometimes considered to be dialects or registers of a single spoken language ...
During this time Hindustani was the language of both Hindus and Muslims. The non-communal nature of the language lasted until the British Raj in India, when in 1837 Hindustani in the Persian script (i.e. Urdu) replaced Persian as the official language and was made co-official along with English.
Urdu. v. t. e. Hindi literature ( Hindi: हिन्दी साहित्य, hindī sāhitya) includes literature in the various Hindi languages which have different writing systems. Earliest forms of Hindi literature are attested in poetry of Apabhraṃśa like Awadhi, and Marwari languages. Hindi literature is composed in three broad ...
Rekhta is an Urdu literary web portal started by Rekhta Foundation, a non-profit organisation dedicated to the preservation and promotion of the Urdu literature. [4] The Rekhta Library Project, its books preservation initiative, has successfully digitized approximately 200,000 books over a span of ten years. [5]
Hindi is considered a Sanskritised register [15] of the Hindustani language, which itself is based primarily on the Khariboli dialect of Delhi and neighbouring areas. [16] [17] [18] It is an official language in nine states and three union territories and an additional official language in three other states.