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Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries, and forestry for food and non-food products. [1] Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities.
The development of agriculture about 12,000 years ago changed the way humans lived. They switched from nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyles to permanent settlements and farming. Wild grains were collected and eaten from at least 104,000 years ago. However, domestication did not occur until much later.
The term "sustainable agriculture" was defined in 1977 by the USDA as an integrated system of plant and animal production practices having a site-specific application that will, over the long term: [13] satisfy human food and fiber needs.
shows a tractor plowing a crop field. Worker overseeing cotton gin, ca. 1940s. Agriculture is a major industry in the United States, which is a net exporter of food. [1] As of the 2017 census of agriculture, there were 2.04 million farms, covering an area of 900 million acres (1,400,000 sq mi), an average of 441 acres (178 hectares) per farm.
e. Agricultural science (or agriscience for short [1]) is a broad multidisciplinary field of biology that encompasses the parts of exact, natural, economic and social sciences that are used in the practice and understanding of agriculture. Professionals of the agricultural science are called agricultural scientists or agriculturists .
The International Fund for Agricultural Development ( IFAD; French: Fonds international de développement agricole (FIDA)) is an international financial institution and a specialised agency of the United Nations that works to address poverty and hunger in rural areas of developing countries. It is the only multilateral development organization ...
Modern technological advances. 1700 – British Agricultural Revolution ends. 1763 – International "Potato Show" in Paris with corn varieties from different states. 1804 – Vincenzo Dandolo writes several treatises of agriculture and sericulture. 1809 – French confectioner Nicolas Appert invents canning.
e. The British Agricultural Revolution, or Second Agricultural Revolution, was an unprecedented increase in agricultural production in Britain arising from increases in labor and land productivity between the mid-17th and late 19th centuries. Agricultural output grew faster than the population over the hundred-year period ending in 1770, and ...