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Learn how to calculate the great-circle distance between two points on a sphere using the haversine formula, a special case of the law of haversines. The formula uses the haversine function, which is half a versine of the central angle, and depends on the latitude and longitude of the points.
Learn how Excel calculates numbers with limited accuracy and precision due to rounding, truncation, binary storage, and cancellation. See examples of errors and differences between decimal and binary representations of numbers.
The name of this formula stems from the fact that is the twentieth formula discussed in Kuder and Richardson's seminal paper on test reliability. [1] It is a special case of Cronbach's α, computed for dichotomous scores. [2] [3] It is often claimed that a high KR-20 coefficient (e.g., > 0.90) indicates a homogeneous test. However, like ...
It is assumed that the value of a function f defined on [,] is known at + equally spaced points: < < <.There are two classes of Newton–Cotes quadrature: they are called "closed" when = and =, i.e. they use the function values at the interval endpoints, and "open" when > and <, i.e. they do not use the function values at the endpoints.
Cronbach's alpha is a reliability coefficient and a measure of the internal consistency of tests and measures. Learn how to calculate it using the formula and the covariance matrix, and what are the common misconceptions and limitations of this method.
Learn about different formulas for generating prime numbers, such as Wilson's theorem, Mills' formula, Wright's formula, and Plouffe's formulas. These formulas are not efficient or practical, but they show the existence of prime-representing constants or functions.
Learn how to calculate the area of a simple polygon using the shoelace formula, also known as Gauss's area formula and the surveyor's formula. See the derivation, examples, applications and generalizations of this mathematical algorithm.
Learn about the definition, formula, interpretation and properties of the Pearson correlation coefficient, a measure of linear correlation between two variables. See examples, scatter diagrams and related concepts such as covariance, regression and decorrelation.