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Password cracking. In cryptanalysis and computer security, password cracking is the process of recovering passwords [1] from data that has been stored in or transmitted by a computer system in scrambled form. A common approach ( brute-force attack) is to repeatedly try guesses for the password and to check them against an available ...
Crack is a Unix password cracking program designed to allow system administrators to locate users who may have weak passwords vulnerable to a dictionary attack. Crack was the first standalone password cracker for Unix systems [1] [2] [3] [4] and the first to introduce programmable dictionary generation as well.
John the Ripper. John the Ripper is a free password cracking software tool. [3] Originally developed for the Unix operating system, it can run on fifteen different platforms (eleven of which are architecture-specific versions of Unix, DOS, Win32, BeOS, and OpenVMS ). It is among the most frequently used password testing and breaking programs [4 ...
bcrypt is a password-hashing function designed by Niels Provos and David Mazières, based on the Blowfish cipher and presented at USENIX in 1999. [1] Besides incorporating a salt to protect against rainbow table attacks, bcrypt is an adaptive function: over time, the iteration count can be increased to make it slower, so it remains resistant to brute-force search attacks even with increasing ...
PBKDF2 applies a pseudorandom function, such as hash-based message authentication code (HMAC), to the input password or passphrase along with a salt value and repeats the process many times to produce a derived key, which can then be used as a cryptographic key in subsequent operations. The added computational work makes password cracking much more difficult, and is known as key stretching .
Cain and Abel (often abbreviated to Cain) was a password recovery tool for Microsoft Windows. It could recover many kinds of passwords using methods such as network packet sniffing, cracking various password hashes by using methods such as dictionary attacks, brute force and cryptanalysis attacks. [1] Cryptanalysis attacks were done via rainbow ...
In cryptography, a brute-force attack consists of an attacker submitting many passwords or passphrases with the hope of eventually guessing correctly. The attacker systematically checks all possible passwords and passphrases until the correct one is found. Alternatively, the attacker can attempt to guess the key which is typically created from the password using a key derivation function. This ...
A secret decoder ring (or secret decoder) is a device that allows one to decode a simple substitution cipher —or to encrypt a message by working in the opposite direction.
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