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Half-life (symbol t½) is the time required for a quantity (of substance) to reduce to half of its initial value. The term is commonly used in nuclear physics to describe how quickly unstable atoms undergo radioactive decay or how long stable atoms survive. The term is also used more generally to characterize any type of exponential (or, rarely ...
Logarithmic growth. In mathematics, logarithmic growth describes a phenomenon whose size or cost can be described as a logarithm function of some input. e.g. y = C log ( x ). Any logarithm base can be used, since one can be converted to another by multiplying by a fixed constant. [1] Logarithmic growth is the inverse of exponential growth and ...
Distance decay is a geographical term which describes the effect of distance on cultural or spatial interactions. [1] The distance decay effect states that the interaction between two locales declines as the distance between them increases. Once the distance is outside of the two locales' activity space, their interactions begin to decrease.
Quadratic growth. In mathematics, a function or sequence is said to exhibit quadratic growth when its values are proportional to the square of the function argument or sequence position. "Quadratic growth" often means more generally "quadratic growth in the limit ", as the argument or sequence position goes to infinity – in big Theta notation ...
Definition and uses. A Green's function, G(x,s), of a linear differential operator L = L(x) acting on distributions over a subset of the Euclidean space , at a point s, is any solution of. (1) where δ is the Dirac delta function. This property of a Green's function can be exploited to solve differential equations of the form.
Logistic function. A logistic function or logistic curve is a common S-shaped curve ( sigmoid curve) with the equation. where. is the carrying capacity, the supremum of the values of the function; is the logistic growth rate, the steepness of the curve; and. is the value of the function's midpoint. [1]
A Malthusian growth model, sometimes called a simple exponential growth model, is essentially exponential growth based on the idea of the function being proportional to the speed to which the function grows. The model is named after Thomas Robert Malthus, who wrote An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798), one of the earliest and most ...
Monod equation. The Monod equation is a mathematical model for the growth of microorganisms. It is named for Jacques Monod (1910–1976, a French biochemist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1965), who proposed using an equation of this form to relate microbial growth rates in an aqueous environment to the concentration of a limiting ...