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The common-emitter circuit is the most widely used of junction transistor amplifiers. As compared with the common-base connection, it has higher input impedance and lower output impedance. A single power supply is easily used for biasing. In addition, higher voltage and power gains are usually obtained for common-emitter (CE) operation.
An amplifier circuit, a common-emitter configuration with a voltage-divider bias circuit The common-emitter amplifier is designed so that a small change in voltage ( V in ) changes the small current through the base of the transistor whose current amplification combined with the properties of the circuit means that small swings in V in produce ...
A digital use of a push–pull configuration is the output of TTL and related families. The upper transistor is functioning as an active pull-up, in linear mode, while the lower transistor works digitally. For this reason they are not capable of sourcing as much current as they can sink (typically 20 times less).
Terminal 3 (common), emitter; giving x to be e; i i, base current (i b) i o, collector current (i c) V in, base-to-emitter voltage (V BE) V o, collector-to-emitter voltage (V CE) and the h-parameters are given by: h ix = h ie for the common-emitter configuration, the input impedance of the transistor (corresponding to the base resistance r pi).
For example, a common base may be used as a current buffer at the output of a common emitter stage, forming a cascode. This will typically reduce the Miller effect and increase the bandwidth of the amplifier. Alternatively, a voltage buffer may be used before the amplifier input, reducing the effective source impedance seen by the input terminals.
The circuit topology of an electronic circuit is the form taken by the network of interconnections of the circuit components. Different specific values or ratings of the components are regarded as being the same topology. Topology is not concerned with the physical layout of components in a circuit, nor with their positions on a circuit diagram ...
In graphical analysis of nonlinear electronic circuits, a load line is a line drawn on the current–voltage characteristic graph for a nonlinear device like a diode or transistor. It represents the constraint put on the voltage and current in the nonlinear device by the external circuit. The load line, usually a straight line, represents the ...
A current source is an electronic circuit that delivers or absorbs an electric current which is independent of the voltage across it. A current source is the dual of a voltage source. The term current sink is sometimes used for sources fed from a negative voltage supply. Figure 1 shows the schematic symbol for an ideal current source driving a ...