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  2. Gottfried Haberler - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Haberler

    Gottfried Haberler. Gottfried Haberler ( German: [ˈhaːbɐlɐ]; July 20, 1900 – May 6, 1995; until 1919 [1] Gottfried von Haberler) was an Austrian-American economist. [2] [3] [4] He worked in particular on international trade. One of his major contributions was reformulating the Ricardian idea of comparative advantage in a neoclassical ...

  3. Comparative advantage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_advantage

    Comparative advantage in an economic model is the advantage over others in producing a particular good. A good can be produced at a lower relative opportunity cost or autarky price, i.e. at a lower relative marginal cost prior to trade. [1] Comparative advantage describes the economic reality of the work gains from trade for individuals, firms ...

  4. Opportunity cost - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity_cost

    Opportunity cost, as such, is an economic concept in economic theory which is used to maximise value through better decision-making. In accounting, collecting, processing, and reporting information on activities and events that occur within an organization is referred to as the accounting cycle.

  5. Ricardian economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardian_economics

    e. David Ricardo. Ricardian economics are the economic theories of David Ricardo, an English political economist born in 1772 who made a fortune as a stockbroker and loan broker. [1] [2] At the age of 27, he read An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith and was energised by the theories of economics.

  6. Austrian school of economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_school_of_economics

    The Austrian School owes its name to members of the German historical school of economics, who argued against the Austrians during the late 19th-century Methodenstreit ("methodology struggle"), in which the Austrians defended the role of theory in economics as distinct from the study or compilation of historical circumstance.

  7. Production–possibility frontier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Production–possibility...

    The slope of the production–possibility frontier (PPF) at any given point is called the marginal rate of transformation ( MRT ). The slope defines the rate at which production of one good can be redirected (by reallocation of productive resources) into production of the other. It is also called the (marginal) "opportunity cost" of a commodity ...

  8. Neoclassical economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoclassical_economics

    Neoclassical economics is an approach to economics in which the production, consumption, and valuation (pricing) of goods and services are observed as driven by the supply and demand model. [1] [2] According to this line of thought, the value of a good or service is determined through a hypothetical maximization of utility by income-constrained ...

  9. Newsvendor model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsvendor_model

    Newsvendor model. The newsvendor (or newsboy or single-period [1] or salvageable) model is a mathematical model in operations management and applied economics used to determine optimal inventory levels. It is (typically) characterized by fixed prices and uncertain demand for a perishable product. If the inventory level is , each unit of demand ...