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Website. kernel.org. The Linux kernel is a free and open source, [12]: 4 UNIX-like kernel that is used in many computer systems worldwide. The kernel was created by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and was soon adopted as the kernel for the GNU operating system (OS) which was created to be a free replacement for Unix.
SYSLINUX/ISOLINUX is a bootloader that specializes in booting full Linux installations from FAT filesystems. It is often used for boot or rescue floppy discs, live USBs, and other lightweight boot systems. ISOLINUX is generally used by Linux live CDs and bootable install CDs. rEFInd, a boot manager for UEFI systems.
For broader coverage of this topic, see History of Linux. This article documents the version history of the Linux kernel. Each major version – identified by the first two numbers of a release version – is designated one of the following levels of support: Supported till next stable version. Long-term support (LTS); maintained for a few ...
A Linux distribution[a] (often abbreviated as distro) is an operating system made from a software collection that includes the Linux kernel and often a package management system. They are often obtained from the website of each distribution, which are available for a wide variety of systems ranging from embedded devices (for example, OpenWrt ...
Device mapper. The device mapper is a framework provided by the Linux kernel for mapping physical block devices onto higher-level virtual block devices. It forms the foundation of the logical volume manager (LVM), software RAIDs and dm-crypt disk encryption, and offers additional features such as file system snapshots. [1]
A Linux-based system is a modular Unix-like operating system, deriving much of its basic design from principles established in Unix during the 1970s and 1980s. Such a system uses a monolithic kernel, the Linux kernel, which handles process control, networking, access to the peripherals, and file systems.
This disallows a root user to load arbitrary code via kexec and execute it, complementing the UEFI secure boot and in-kernel security mechanisms for ensuring that only signed Linux kernel modules can be inserted into the running kernel. [4] [5] [6] Kexec is used by LinuxBoot to boot the main kernel from the Linux kernel located in the firmware.
The first release of the Linux kernel, Linux 0.01, included a binary of GNU's Bash shell. [21] In the "Notes for linux release 0.01", Torvalds lists the GNU software that is required to run Linux: [21] Sadly, a kernel by itself gets you nowhere. To get a working system you need a shell, compilers, a library etc.