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A nulliparous (/ n ʌ l ˈ ɪ p ə r ə s /) female (a nullipara or para 0) has never given birth. It includes females who have experienced spontaneous miscarriages and induced abortions before the mid-point of pregnancy, but not females who have experienced pregnancy loss after 20 weeks. Nulliparity has been implicated in the development of ...
A nulliparous woman's ectocervix showing cervical ectropion, visible as the darker red mucosa surrounding the cervical os. Viewed on speculum exam. Viewed on speculum exam. The endocervical mucosa is about 3 mm (0.12 in) thick and lined with a single layer of columnar mucous cells.
A woman who is (or has been only) pregnant for the first time is referred to as a primigravida, [21] and a woman in subsequent pregnancies as a multigravida or as multiparous. [ 19 ] [ 22 ] Therefore, during a second pregnancy a woman would be described as gravida 2, para 1 and upon live delivery as gravida 2, para 2.
Age and female fertility. Female fertility is affected by age and is a major fertility factor for women. A woman's fertility is in generally good quality from the late teens to early thirties, although it declines gradually over time. [1] Around 35, fertility is noted to decline at a more rapid rate. [1] At age 45, a woman starting to try to ...
Childbirth, also known as labour, parturition and delivery, is the completion of pregnancy where one or more babies exits the internal environment of the mother via vaginal delivery or caesarean section. [7] In 2019, there were about 140.11 million human births globally. [9] In the developed countries, most deliveries occur in hospitals, [10 ...
yeast infection, rarely toxic shock syndrome. The contraceptive sponge combines barrier and spermicidal methods to prevent conception. Sponges work in two ways. First, the sponge is inserted into the vagina, so it can cover the cervix and prevent any sperm from entering the uterus. Secondly, the sponge contains spermicide.
Some women describe the insertion as cramps, some as a pinch, and others do not feel anything. Only 9% of nulliparous women considered the procedure painless, 72% moderately painful, and substantial pain with insertion that needs active management occurs in approximately 17% of nulliparous women [66] and approximately 11% of parous women. [67]
A rectal prolapse occurs when walls of the rectum have prolapsed to such a degree that they protrude out of the anus and are visible outside the body. [2] However, most researchers agree that there are 3 to 5 different types of rectal prolapse, depending on whether the prolapsed section is visible externally, and whether the full or only partial thickness of the rectal wall is involved.