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Hope is an optimistic state of mind that is based on an expectation of positive outcomes with respect to events and circumstances in one's life or the world at large. [1] As a verb, its definitions include: "expect with confidence" and "to cherish a desire with anticipation". [2]
Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning.. Cognitive psychology originated in the 1960s in a break from behaviorism, which held from the 1920s to 1950s that unobservable mental processes were outside the realm of empirical science.
Lexical hypothesis. In personality psychology, the lexical hypothesis [1] (also known as the fundamental lexical hypothesis, [2] lexical approach, [3] or sedimentation hypothesis [4]) generally includes two postulates : 1. Those personality characteristics that are important to a group of people will eventually become a part of that group's ...
1879 – Wilhelm Wundt opened the first experimental psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig in Germany. 1880s. 1882 – The Society for Psychical Research was founded in England. 1883 – G. Stanley Hall opened the first American experimental psychology research laboratory at Johns Hopkins University.
The need for closure in social psychology is thought to be a fairly stable dispositional characteristic that can, nonetheless, be affected by situational factors. The Need for Closure Scale (NFCS) was developed by Arie Kruglanski , Donna Webster, and Adena Klem in 1993 and is designed to operationalize this construct and is presented as a ...
The word heuristic is taken directly from the Greek verb, heuriskein, 'to discover'. As a noun it is defined as 'a technique of discovery' and as an adjective, it means 'serving to guide, discover, or reveal'. The more common designation for all of this is 'the discovery method'.
Ernst Heinrich Weber (24 June 1795 – 26 January 1878) [1] was a German physician who is considered one of the founders of experimental psychology. He was an influential and important figure in the areas of physiology and psychology during his lifetime and beyond. His studies on sensation and touch, along with his emphasis on good experimental ...
Self-realization is a term used in Western psychology, philosophy, and spirituality; and in Indian religions. In the Western understanding, it is the "fulfillment by oneself of the possibilities of one's character or personality" (see also self-actualization ). [1] In the Indian understanding, self-realization is liberating knowledge of the ...