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The gamma function can be seen as a solution to the interpolation problem of finding a smooth curve = that connects the points of the factorial sequence: (,) = (,! ) {\displaystyle (x,y)=(n,n!)} for all positive integer values of n {\displaystyle n} .
Encephalization quotient (EQ), encephalization level (EL), or just encephalization is a relative brain size measure that is defined as the ratio between observed and predicted brain mass for an animal of a given size, based on nonlinear regression on a range of reference species.
Any non-linear differentiable function, (,), of two variables, and , can be expanded as + +. If we take the variance on both sides and use the formula [11] for the variance of a linear combination of variables (+) = + + (,), then we obtain | | + | | +, where is the standard deviation of the function , is the standard deviation of , is the standard deviation of and = is the ...
where represents a uniform grid spacing between each finite difference interval, and = +. For the -th derivative with accuracy , there are + = ⌊ + ⌋ + ...
In computing, the modulo operation returns the remainder or signed remainder of a division, after one number is divided by another, called the modulus of the operation.. Given two positive numbers a and n, a modulo n (often abbreviated as a mod n) is the remainder of the Euclidean division of a by n, where a is the dividend and n is the divisor.
This follows from the difference-quotient definition of the derivative. The last equality follows from the continuity of the derivatives at c. The limit in the conclusion is not indeterminate because ′ (). The proof of a more general version of L'Hôpital's rule is given below.
To apply a Q test for bad data, arrange the data in order of increasing values and calculate Q as defined: Q = gap range {\displaystyle Q={\frac {\text{gap}}{\text{range}}}} Where gap is the absolute difference between the outlier in question and the closest number to it.
In mathematics, the Fréchet derivative is a derivative defined on normed spaces.Named after Maurice Fréchet, it is commonly used to generalize the derivative of a real-valued function of a single real variable to the case of a vector-valued function of multiple real variables, and to define the functional derivative used widely in the calculus of variations.