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Active listening is the practice of preparing to listen, observing what verbal and non-verbal messages are being sent, and then providing appropriate feedback for the sake of showing attentiveness to the message being presented. [1] Active listening is listening to understand. [2] This form of listening conveys a mutual understanding between ...
Listening is giving attention to a sound. [1] When listening, a person hears what others are saying and tries to understand what it means. [2] Listening involves complex affective, cognitive, and behavioral processes. [3] Affective processes include the motivation to listen to others; cognitive processes include attending to, understanding ...
Total physical response (TPR) is a language teaching method developed by James Asher, a professor emeritus of psychology at San José State University. It is based on the coordination of language and physical movement. In TPR, instructors give commands to students in the target language with body movements, and students respond with whole-body ...
Reflective listening. Reflective listening is a communication strategy involving two key steps: first, seeking to understand a speaker's idea, then, offering the idea back to the speaker to confirm the idea has been understood correctly. [1] Reflective listening is a more specific strategy than the more general methods of active listening .
Audio-lingual method. The audio-lingual method or Army Method is a method used in teaching foreign languages. It is based on behaviorist theory, which postulates that certain traits of living things, and in this case humans, could be trained through a system of reinforcement. The correct use of a trait would receive positive feedback while ...
Comprehension approach refers to a method of learning a new language through the process of understanding the meaning of words and expressions in the language as opposed to any other form of language learning. Other methods that may be used as part of the progression of language learning include the process of learning the letters, symbols and ...
Listening comprehension: 25: Question type 1: test takers hear a question or statement requiring a response and select the most appropriate response from three options. Question type 2: test takers hear a short conversation between two speakers and answer a question about the conversation by selecting the most appropriate response from three ...
The ECL is an association of institutions representing European languages . The ECL examination system was developed by an international team of language testing experts, between 1983 and 1992. Since 1999 the International Centre of the ECL Exams operates at the Foreign Language Secretariat, at the University of Pécs, Hungary.
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