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  2. Principles of grouping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principles_of_grouping

    Principles of grouping. The principles of grouping (or Gestalt laws of grouping) are a set of principles in psychology, first proposed by Gestalt psychologists to account for the observation that humans naturally perceive objects as organized patterns and objects, a principle known as Prägnanz. Gestalt psychologists argued that these ...

  3. Structuralism (psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structuralism_(psychology)

    Structuralism in psychology (also structural psychology) [1] is a theory of consciousness developed by Edward Bradford Titchener. This theory was challenged in the 20th century. Structuralists seek to analyze the adult mind (the total sum of experience from birth to the present) in terms of the simplest definable components of experience and ...

  4. Ernst Mach - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Mach

    Ernst Mach. He was the godfather of Wolfgang Pauli. The Mach–Zehnder interferometer is named after his son Ludwig Mach, who was also a physicist. Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel Mach ( / mɑːx / MAHKH, German: [ɛʁnst ˈmax]; 18 February 1838 – 19 February 1916) was a Czech [2] physicist and philosopher, who contributed to the physics of ...

  5. Paul Tholey - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Tholey

    Paul Tholey (14 March 1937 – 7 December 1998) was a German Gestalt psychologist, and a professor of psychology and sports science at the University of Frankfurt and the Technical University of Braunschweig . Tholey started the study of oneirology in an attempt to prove that dreams occur in color. Given the unreliability of dream memories and ...

  6. Feature integration theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature_integration_theory

    Feature integration theory is a theory of attention developed in 1980 by Anne Treisman and Garry Gelade that suggests that when perceiving a stimulus, features are "registered early, automatically, and in parallel, while objects are identified separately" and at a later stage in processing. The theory has been one of the most influential ...

  7. Müller-Lyer illusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Müller-Lyer_illusion

    All the shafts of the arrows are of the same physical length. The Müller-Lyer illusion is an optical illusion consisting of three stylized arrows. When viewers are asked to place a mark on the figure at the midpoint, they tend to place it more towards the "tail" end. The illusion was devised by Franz Carl Müller-Lyer (1857–1916), a German ...

  8. Multistable perception - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multistable_perception

    Multistable perception (or bistable perception) is a perceptual phenomenon in which an observer experiences an unpredictable sequence of spontaneous subjective changes. While usually associated with visual perception (a form of optical illusion ), multistable perception can also be experienced with auditory and olfactory percepts.

  9. Depth perception - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_perception

    Depth perception. Perspective, relative size, occultation and texture gradients all contribute to the three-dimensional appearance of this photo. Depth perception is the ability to perceive distance to objects in the world using the visual system and visual perception. It is a major factor in perceiving the world in three dimensions.