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Long-term memory ( LTM) is the stage of the Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model in which informative knowledge is held indefinitely. It is defined in contrast to sensory memory, the initial stage, and short-term or working memory, the second stage, which persists for about 18 to 30 seconds. LTM is grouped into two categories known as explicit ...
Motivated forgetting is a theorized psychological behavior in which people may forget unwanted memories, either consciously or unconsciously. It is an example of defence mechanism, since these are unconscious or conscious coping techniques used to reduce anxiety arising from unacceptable or potentially harmful impulses thus it can be a defence mechanism in some ways.
Extinction (psychology) Extinction is a behavioral phenomenon observed in both operantly conditioned and classically conditioned behavior, which manifests itself by fading of non-reinforced conditioned response over time. When operant behavior that has been previously reinforced no longer produces reinforcing consequences the behavior gradually ...
Tip of the tongue (also known as TOT, or lethologica) is the phenomenon of failing to retrieve a word or term from memory, combined with partial recall and the feeling that retrieval is imminent. [1] The phenomenon's name comes from the saying, "It's on the tip of my tongue." [2] [3] [4] The tip of the tongue phenomenon reveals that lexical ...
Memory errors may include remembering events that never occurred, or remembering them differently from the way they actually happened. [1] These errors or gaps can occur due to a number of different reasons, including the emotional involvement in the situation, expectations and environmental changes.
Second-language attrition. Second-language attrition is the decline of second-language skills, which occurs whenever the learner uses the second language to an insufficient degree ( de Bot & Weltens 1991:43) or due to environmental changes the language use is limited and another language is becoming the dominant one (Olshtain 1989: 151).
Repression is a key concept of psychoanalysis, where it is understood as a defense mechanism that "ensures that what is unacceptable to the conscious mind, and would if recalled arouse anxiety, is prevented from entering into it." [1] According to psychoanalytic theory, repression plays a major role in many mental illnesses, and in the psyche ...
Additional research proposes the notion of a moveable filter. The multimode theory of attention combines physical and semantic inputs into one theory. Within this model, attention is assumed to be flexible, allowing different depths of perceptual analysis. Which feature gathers awareness is dependent upon the person's needs at the time.