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2. Total dissolved solids - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_dissolved_solids

   Total dissolved solids ( TDS) is a measure of the dissolved combined content of all inorganic and organic substances present in a liquid in molecular, ionized, or micro-granular ( colloidal sol) suspended form. TDS are often measured in parts per million (ppm). TDS in water can be measured using a digital meter.

3. Reverse osmosis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_osmosis

   Reverse osmosis ( RO) is a water purification process that uses a semi-permeable membrane to separate water molecules from other substances. RO applies pressure to overcome osmotic pressure that favors even distributions. RO can remove dissolved or suspended chemical species as well as biological substances (principally bacteria ), and is used ...

4. Water purification - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification

   Water purification. Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids, and gases from water. The goal is to produce water that is fit for specific purposes. Most water is purified and disinfected for human consumption ( drinking water ), but water purification may also be carried out ...

5. Wastewater quality indicators - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewater_quality_indicators

   Wastewater quality indicators. Wastewater quality indicators are laboratory test methodologies to assess suitability of wastewater for disposal, treatment or reuse. The main parameters in sewage that are measured to assess the sewage strength or quality as well as treatment options include: solids, indicators of organic matter, nitrogen ...

6. Electrodeionization - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrodeionization

   Electrodeionization ( EDI) is a water treatment technology that utilizes DC power, ion exchange membranes, and ion exchange resin to deionize water. EDI is typically employed as a polishing treatment following reverse osmosis (RO), and is used in the production of ultrapure water. It differs from other RO polishing methods, like chemically ...

7. Ultrapure water - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrapure_water

   Ultrapure water (UPW), high-purity water or highly purified water (HPW) is water that has been purified to uncommonly stringent specifications. Ultrapure water is a term commonly used in manufacturing to emphasize the fact that the water is treated to the highest levels of purity for all contaminant types, including: organic and inorganic compounds; dissolved and particulate matter; volatile ...