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Evaporation is a type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into the gas phase. [1] A high concentration of the evaporating substance in the surrounding gas significantly slows down evaporation, such as when humidity affects rate of evaporation of water. [2] When the molecules of the liquid collide, they transfer ...
A separatory funnel, also known as a separation funnel, separating funnel, or colloquially sep funnel, is a piece of laboratory glassware used in liquid-liquid extractions to separate ( partition) the components of a mixture into two immiscible solvent phases of different densities. [1] Typically, one of the phases will be aqueous, and the ...
In chemistry, a condenser is laboratory apparatus used to condense vapors – that is, turn them into liquids – by cooling them down. [1] Condensers are routinely used in laboratory operations such as distillation, reflux, and extraction. In distillation, a mixture is heated until the more volatile components boil off, the vapors are ...
A rotary evaporator (rotavap) is a device used in chemical laboratories for the efficient and gentle removal of solvents from samples by evaporation.When referenced in the chemistry research literature, description of the use of this technique and equipment may include the phrase "rotary evaporator", though use is often rather signaled by other language (e.g., "the sample was evaporated under ...
Drying is a mass transfer process consisting of the removal of water or another solvent [1] by evaporation from a solid, semi-solid or liquid. This process is often used as a final production step before selling or packaging products.
Evaporating dishes. An evaporating dish is a piece of laboratory glassware used for the evaporation of solutions and supernatant liquids, [a] and sometimes to their melting point. Evaporating dishes are used to evaporate excess solvents – most commonly water – to produce a concentrated solution or a solid precipitate of the dissolved substance.
Condensing vapors from flash tank B1 heat evaporator A2. In chemical engineering, a multiple-effect evaporator is an apparatus for efficiently using the heat from steam to evaporate water. [1] Water is boiled in a sequence of vessels, each held at a lower pressure than the last. Because the boiling temperature of water decreases as pressure ...
Flash evaporation. A typical flash drum. Flash evaporation (or partial evaporation) is the partial vapor that occurs when a saturated liquid stream undergoes a reduction in pressure by passing through a throttling valve or other throttling device. This process is one of the simplest unit operations.