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Fuzzy-trace theory (FTT) is a theory of cognition originally proposed by Valerie F. Reyna and Charles Brainerd to explain cognitive phenomena, particularly in memory and reasoning. FTT posits two types of memory processes (verbatim and gist) and, therefore, it is often referred to as a dual process theory of memory.
Fuzzy-trace theory. The fuzzy-trace theory, proposed by Valerie Reyna and Charles Brainerd, suggests that information can be stored in two different ways: verbatim and gist. Verbatim representations are literal, precise, and exact copies of the information. On the other hand, gist representations are fuzzy, general, and abstracted ...
Valerie F. Reyna (born 1955) is an American psychologist and Professor of Human Development at Cornell University and an expert on false memory and risky decision making . In collaboration with her husband Charles Brainerd, [1] Reyna developed fuzzy-trace theory, a dual-process model of mental representations underlying memory, judgement, and ...
Fuzzy-trace theory thus proposes that misattributed memories arise due to the short lifespan of verbatim traces, being that the quality of source information is rapidly declining. The misattribution of memory is therefore more likely to occur as the time between the encoding of an experience and the recall of the subsequent memory increases.
In psychology, a dual process theory provides an account of how thought can arise in two different ways, or as a result of two different processes. Often, the two processes consist of an implicit (automatic), unconscious process and an explicit (controlled), conscious process. Verbalized explicit processes or attitudes and actions may change ...
Other researchers frame confabulation within the fuzzy-trace theory. Finally, some researchers call for theories that rely less on neurocognitive explanations and more on epistemic accounts. Neuropsychological theories. The most popular theories of confabulation come from the field of neuropsychology or cognitive neuroscience.
Washington University in St. Louis. Kathleen McDermott is Professor of Psychological and Brain Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis. She is known for her research on how human memory is encoded and retrieved, with a specific interest in how false memories develop. In collaboration with Henry L. (Roddy) Roediger III, she developed the ...
In 2014, LaTour with colleagues Mike LaTour and Chuck Brainerd wrote the paper Fuzzy trace theory and “smart” false memories: Implications for advertising, which was the first consumer memory paper to introduce FTT, and it provides a larger framework for understanding how memory works in consumer judgment. It won the best paper of the year.