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Genotype frequency in a population is the number of individuals with a given genotype divided by the total number of individuals in the population. [2] In population genetics, the genotype frequency is the frequency or proportion (i.e., 0 < f < 1) of genotypes in a population. Although allele and genotype frequencies are related, it is ...
Genetic distance is a measure of the genetic divergence between species or between populations within a species, whether the distance measures time from common ancestor or degree of differentiation. [2] Populations with many similar alleles have small genetic distances.
In population genetics, fixation is the change in a gene pool from a situation where there exists at least two variants of a particular gene ( allele) in a given population to a situation where only one of the alleles remains. That is, the allele becomes fixed. [1] In the absence of mutation or heterozygote advantage, any allele must eventually ...
A higher transformation efficiency means that more cells are able to take up the DNA, and a lower efficiency means that fewer cells are able to do so. In molecular biology, transformation efficiency is a crucial parameter, it is used to evaluate the ability of different methods to introduce plasmid DNA into cells and to compare the efficiency ...
In biology and medicine, gravidity and parity are the number of times a female has been pregnant (gravidity) and carried the pregnancies to a viable gestational age (parity). [1] [2] These two terms are usually coupled, sometimes with additional terms, to indicate more details of the female's obstetric history. [3] When using these terms:
The fixation index ( FST) is a measure of population differentiation due to genetic structure. It is frequently estimated from genetic polymorphism data, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) or microsatellites. Developed as a special case of Wright's F-statistics, it is one of the most commonly used statistics in population genetics.
Heritability is a statistic used in the fields of breeding and genetics that estimates the degree of variation in a phenotypic trait in a population that is due to genetic variation between individuals in that population. [1] The concept of heritability can be expressed in the form of the following question: "What is the proportion of the ...
Penetrance. Penetrance in genetics is the proportion of individuals carrying a particular variant (or allele) of a gene ( genotype) that also expresses an associated trait ( phenotype ). In medical genetics, the penetrance of a disease -causing mutation is the proportion of individuals with the mutation that exhibit clinical symptoms among all ...