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  2. Panchatantra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panchatantra

    Panchatantra: Smart, The Jackal Book 1: The Loss of Friends Translator: Arthur William Ryder The Panchatantra is a series of inter-woven fables, many of which deploy metaphors of anthropomorphized animals with human virtues and vices. Its narrative illustrates, for the benefit of three ignorant princes, the central Hindu principles of nīti. While nīti is hard to translate, it roughly means ...

  3. Vishnu Sharma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishnu_Sharma

    Panchatantra is one of the most widely translated non-religious books in history. The Panchatantra was translated into Middle Persian/Pahlavi in 570 CE by Borzūya and into Arabic in 750 CE by Persian scholar Abdullah Ibn al-Muqaffa as Kalīlah wa Dimnah (Arabic: كليلة و دمنة).

  4. List of Panchatantra stories - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Panchatantra_Stories

    List of. Panchatantra. stories. The Panchatantra is an ancient Sanskrit collection of stories, probably first composed around 300 CE (give or take a century or two), [1] though some of its component stories may be much older. The original text is not extant, but the work has been widely revised and translated such that there exist "over 200 ...

  5. The Brahmin and the Mongoose - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Brahmin_and_the_Mongoose

    India (origin) The Brahmin and the Mongoose (or The Brahmin's Wife and the Mongoose) is a folktale from India, and "one of the world's most travelled tales". [1] It describes the rash killing of a loyal animal, and thus warns against hasty action. The story underlies certain legends in the West, such as that of Llywelyn and his dog Gelert in ...

  6. Arthur W. Ryder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_W._Ryder

    Arthur W. Ryder. Born. 8 March 1877. Died. 21 March 1938 (aged 61) Language. English language. Arthur William Ryder (March 8, 1877 – March 21, 1938) [1] was a professor of Sanskrit at the University of California, Berkeley. He is best known for translating a number of Sanskrit works into English, including the Panchatantra and the Bhagavad Gita.

  7. The Tiger, the Brahmin and the Jackal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tiger,_the_Brahmin_and...

    The Tiger, the Brahmin and the Jackal is a popular Indian folklore with a long history and many variants. The earliest record of the folklore was included in the Panchatantra, which dates the story between 200 BCE and 300 CE. Mary Frere included a version in her 1868 collection of Indian folktales, Old Deccan Days, [1] the first collection of ...

  8. Pancharatra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancharatra

    History. Pancharatra has likely roots in 3rd-century BCE, as a religious movement around the ideas of a sage Narayana, who much later becomes identified as an avatar of Vishnu. [2][1] The earliest use of the word Pancharatra is found in section 7.1.10 of the Taittiriya Samhita, a Vedic text. [13] The section describes a person going through a ...

  9. Hitopadesha - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitopadesha

    Hitopadesha (Sanskrit: हितोपदेशः, IAST: Hitopadeśa, "Beneficial Advice") is an Indian text in the Sanskrit language consisting of fables with both animal and human characters. It incorporates maxims, worldly wisdom and advice on political affairs in simple, elegant language, [2]: ix–xiv and the work has been widely translated.

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