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By a slight change in notation (and viewpoint), for an interval [ a, b ], the difference quotient. is called [5] the mean (or average) value of the derivative of f over the interval [ a, b ]. This name is justified by the mean value theorem, which states that for a differentiable function f, its derivative f′ reaches its mean value at some ...
A finite difference is a mathematical expression of the form f (x + b) − f (x + a). If a finite difference is divided by b − a, one gets a difference quotient. The approximation of derivatives by finite differences plays a central role in finite difference methods for the numerical solution of differential equations, especially boundary ...
For other stencil configurations and derivative orders, the Finite Difference Coefficients Calculator is a tool that can be used to generate derivative approximation methods for any stencil with any derivative order (provided a solution exists). Higher derivatives. Using Newton's difference quotient,
Symmetric derivative. In mathematics, the symmetric derivative is an operation generalizing the ordinary derivative. It is defined as [1] [2] The expression under the limit is sometimes called the symmetric difference quotient. [3] [4] A function is said to be symmetrically differentiable at a point x if its symmetric derivative exists at that ...
The latter is the difference quotient for g at a, and because g is differentiable at a by assumption, its limit as x tends to a exists and equals g′(a). As for Q(g(x)), notice that Q is defined wherever f is. Furthermore, f is differentiable at g(a) by assumption, so Q is continuous at g(a), by definition of the derivative.
Derivative. The derivative is a fundamental tool of calculus that quantifies the sensitivity of change of a function 's output with respect to its input. The derivative of a function of a single variable at a chosen input value, when it exists, is the slope of the tangent line to the graph of the function at that point.
Differentiation is linear. For any functions and and any real numbers and , the derivative of the function with respect to is: In Leibniz's notation this is written as: Special cases include: The constant factor rule. ( a f ) ′ = a f ′ {\displaystyle (af)'=af'} The sum rule.
Difference equations relate an unknown function to its difference or difference quotient, and are ubiquitous in the sciences. History. The early history of discrete calculus is the history of calculus. Such basic ideas as the difference quotients and the Riemann sums appear implicitly or explicitly in definitions and proofs. After the limit is ...